Reading and Typography Essay -- Typography Reading Research Papers

Reading and TypographyReading is unavoidable. Students read textbooks fathers read newspapers engineers read manuals technicians read webpages politicians read bills Christians read the Bible, and the list goes on. Everyone reads something. Seeing, perceiving, and recognizing lines and dots as a form of manner of speaking is a process that is extremely complicated yet necessary. Scientists have researched many aspects of the visual reading process, and one of the close to immediately applicable areas of concern is in the field of typography. Researchers are attempting to answer two questions posed by publics such as graphic artists, magazine editors, rsum writers, and even standardized canvass publishers What qualitystyle is best for what situations?, and How do different characteristics of a font affect different audiences?The term font is a generic word used to express the full general computer category of typewritten characters. Similarly, a type or typeset refers to a comple te family of sets of characters having a certain fundamental design or structure. For example, the Courier type may include the variations Courier New and Courier Bold. Other typesets are Caslon, Quill, and Old English. Typestyle is used to categorize types by attributive similarities. Two of the most recognizable, and most researched, typestyles are distinguished by the presence or absence of seriphs and by fixed width (FW) and variable or proportional width (PW) pitch. Types which display the serif feature add short, decorative lines to the tips of the characters this line of print (12pt PW) is in Garamond and has serifs. Types such as Arial, as in this line (12pt PW), do not have the serif addition and are thus called sans serifs. A fixed width font may be like... ...STRACT.Keller T. (1997). Choosing the right type translates into cash for your cause. Nonprofit World, 15(6), 18-19.Leat S.J., Li W., & Epp K. (1999). displace in central and eccentric vision The effects of contou r interaction and attention. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40, 504-512.Mansfield J.S., Legge G.E., & Bane M.C. (1996). Psychophysics of reading XV Font effects in normal and low-spirited vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 8, 1492-1501.Orton V. (1993). Why Johnny cant read. Zip/Target Marketing, 16(6), 11-12. ABSTRACT.Regan D. & Hong X.H. (1994). Recognition and detection of texture-defined letters. Vision Research, 34, 2403-2407. Yager D., Aquilante K., & Plass R. (1998). Rapid communication High and low luminance letters, acuity reserve, and font effects on reading speed. Vision Research, 38, 2527-2531.

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White Essay example -- Charlotte Web E.B. Whi

Charlottes Web by E.B. WhiteFern convinced her dad not to kill the half-pint pig and he gave it to her to take care of. She named him Wilbur. Wilbur was getting bigger and bigger and eating more and more. He had to be sold so Fern called her aunt and uncle the Zuckermans. The cat told Wilbur that there was a loose board in his pen. He escaped but he got tired, hungry and afraid. Uncle Homer lured him back to his pen with food. Wilbur had a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day because it was raining and his plans got ruined. He started to cry, but then he heard a soft friendly voice. The voice said, Salutations At starting line he didnt know who said it. Then he saw a large gray spider waving at him. It was Charlotte.It is summer and inform is out for Fern and Avery. The goslin...

Buffalo Soldier-Dreadlock Rasta? :: essays papers

Buffalo Soldier-Dreadlock Rasta?The Buffalo Soldier of the West and the Elimination of the Native American RaceWhen scurrilous men first enlisted in the United States army, they were thought to be crazy. These were the men, who just a few years before, were being persecuted because of the color of their skin. passim time, the black man has suffered in more ways than we could imagine. The white man stole them from their homeland only for the sole purpose of making money. They were thought to be hard workers and very loyal. However, after the Civil War and the emancipation of slavery, there became some perceptions of the black man that had never been seen or heard before. Even though they were still thought to be inferior, they still gained some respect on the part of the white community. In 1864, the President of the United States, Mr. Abraham Lincoln wrote a financial statement concerning the black troops enlisted in the U.S army. With the sympathy of the president, this is what w as writtenThe black soldiers in the Civil war had so heroically vindicated their manhood on the study where, in assisting to save the life of the republic, they have demonstrated in blood their right to the ballot. (Cashin and others 1969 p.i)This message was the forthcoming of a new perception of the black man. With the help of President Lincoln, the black man felt that they were on their way to freedom and equality. However, after the assassination of the Great Emancipator the black mans hopes and dreams seemed to fade faster than they were built up. With the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln had given the black man one of Americas highest standards for being considered free. He gave them the right to vote. However, since the assassination, the southern black man could not vote because of the stipulations that the white southerners put on the voting system. Therefore, the black man could only hold on to the last shred of freedom that he was given the rig ht to have. Because of their gallant efforts put forth in the Civil War, the black man was still allowed to dish up in the United States army. In 1866 a bill was passed by Congress to allow the formation of an all black regiment. In all there would be several different regiments comprised of only black soldiers. The regiments were formed by the black enlistees and usually the duties were carried out by a white officer.

The Yellow Wallpaper :: essays research papers

We Must Creep to be HeardIts 200am and I cannot sleep. I toss and turn while the question, Why didnt you stand up for yourself? keeps playing over and over in my mind. The picture in my mind of a subjugated woman who feebly attempts to fight against maidenlike oppression and her impending insanity is vivid and disturbing and continues to slap against the recesses of my mind with an angry hand. What was Charlotte Perkins Gilman attempting to convey to her readers when she wrote The Yellow Wallpaper and created the characters of the narrator, her husband John, Mary and her sister-in-law Jennie? Obviously, in an mislead version of her own experience with post-partum depression and its prescribed rest cure, Gilman speaks of a world in which the female is forced into a eccentric of the pliable counterpart to male dominance. In the following pages, I will describe how Gilman has effectively created characters that draw us into their view of control, dominance and frustrated silence ag ainst chains in a paternalistic society, and how we are given a view into a perfectly healthy mind that goes awry.To begin with, Gilman created the narrator as a nearly anonymous identity we know her only as Johns wife. This power imbalance extends to other areas of their relationship. John dominates her in a more and more patronizing manner. His character is displayed as strong, practical and stereotypically masculine and he seems skeptical of her seemingly weak, feminine condition. John diagnoses her problem, and prescribes the rest cure he believes she needs. The narrator has no say in her condition, and when she attempts to speak her mind, he treats her like a child and makes light of her voice. John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that (An Introduction to Fiction 572) which illustrates the role women are expected to play and accept in a marriage. Another main function Gilman gave of Johns control over the narrator is his inhibiting of her composition. Although she b elieves writing would help her condition, as Im sure Gilman did, John insists it would only debilitate her ailment further. He stifles her creativity and intellect, forcing her into the role of the submissive wife. She is forced to kill her writings, which frustrate her more I did write for a while in spite of them but it does exhaust me a good dealhaving to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition (572).

Assess the work of Hjalmar Schacht in restoring Germanys economic :: Economics

Assess the work of Hjalmar Schacht in restoring Germanys economicsituation.Germany at the beginning of 1933 had a spunky unemployment rate, whichmeant p overty was widespread. Those in work found that their wagesdeclining which had consequences for those who produced consumergoods. International trade, industrial production and national incomehad all dropped.Schacht had been chosen by Hitler to solve Germanys economic problems ascribable to a couple of reasons. The most important one was the fact he wasthe man who had solved hyperinflation in 1923 and had broughtGermanys economy back on track whence the other reason was becauseSchacht was strongly right wing.Schacht became the Economic Minister in 1934 and apply the financialfacilities of the Reichsbank to help Germany rearm. He was then givendictatorial powers over the economy. The new plan of September 1934provided control of all aspects of trade and currency exchange.Schacht had many ideas on how to get Germanys economy back up to fullstrength. adept of his ideas was influenced by Keynes, a Britisheconomist. He adopted the policy of deficit financing this idea wasthat money would be spent of public works to progress to jobs. Thegovernment would pay people to build motorways, which would thenreduce unemployment. They then had money to spend, which would meanmore products would be needed and companies would have to take on moreworkers, lowering unemployment further.The German government hoped that the secondary jobs, which were beingcreated, would reemploy the majority of the population, instead ofhaving to feed more money into the system.But this didnt just solve unemployment it was reusable to the public,it meant there were now modern roads, which eased travel over thecountry. This idea had one more advantage although this wasnt for thepeople it was for the Nazi party. Building roads and update thecountry was good propaganda people liked what they were doing and hadeven more reason to want to keep them in power. Building wasnt theonly scheme launched afforestation was also used to create jobs. Thisidea paid off as unemployment was down to 2.5 million by mid 1934, andthen by the middle of 1935 it had decreased further to 1.7 million.Hitler wanted autarky, which in principal was that Germany wouldbecome economically self-sufficient. This would then mean that Germanyno longer would have to be dependent on other countries to importfoodstuffs and warm materials. Another advantage was that Reichsmarkswerent wasted on import taxes. It also gave Germany the opportunityto strive towards a target and it would give them pride when it was

Employment trends affect Gail Hunter and Selsdon Park hotels Essay

Identify and describe external and internal influences that fall homophile alternatives planning. In your discussion relate how each factor might affect human beingkind resources deep down your chosen organisation.Selsdon Park HotelIntroduction The fibre of a HR gripr is to recruit and train new rentees into a trading. The cable that I am looking at is Selsdon Park Hotel. One of the main roles of the hr c ar is to employ tidy sum into the comp both. This is called induction training.External influences external influences argon social functions that affect the human resource manager every twenty-four hour period except things that are bulge of the human resource managers control. So all this external influences affect the human resource manager which affects the hr planningEconomic moodAt Selsdon Park Hotel the stinting climate will change delinquent to legion(predicate) external factors that may affect the family. This may include government laws plan of attack into play, weather and many other natural factors. Also within many businesses there is a changing currency climate will overly affect the running of the businesses, the changing money climate would affect the telephone line of Selsdon Park Hotel imaging manager. The changing money climate would affect the HR managers blood because of many factors, this include interest rates and training new staff. This could lead to the hotel not having the correct staffing and then the slower running of the business. The stock market could play a part in this. For example in a poor economy many guests would eat up less disposable income. Selsdon Park Hotel with the lost of many of its customer would be making less profit which would lead to reducing non-essential staff. High and low interest rates would in addition have an effect on the economic climate which would influence the human resource planning. With higher interest rates passel would have less disposable income and vice versa. Consumer TrendsMoney within any business would depend on the selling of rooms at Selsdon Park Hotel. There are many factors which affect the consumer trends. This includes the add together of leisure time they customers have. practically in many the companies the higher your role in that organisation the less leisure time you have. Many companies do tend to aim a swarm of there higher priced holidays at people with larger disable incomes which include senior managers etc. Also with the introduction of the internet the selling of holidays has increased greatly. quite of people waiting around for hours in operate agencies, it is easier and less hassle to log onto the internet and choose your holidays online. Also you outsmart the best deals on the internet. With the travel agents, they do tend to try and sell you the most expensive holidays but online you can get some great flight deals with Ryan air. This affects the job of the human resource manager because the manager must ad just and adapt to the trends of the consumer. And to adapt to the liking of the consumer the clement imaginativeness manager must overhear sure that the employees within the business are up to date with new procedures implimented by HR.Employment trendsEmployment trends affect Gail huntsman and Selsdon Park hotels HR department greatly. Many people go for jobs which are take ton as popular at the time. For example many students other the summer holidays like to have holiday rep jobs in Europe or would try to bugger off jobs in hotels doing the summer also. This could affect the staff planning of Hail Hunter because there is a big money of competition in the arena for hotel staff. These include Croydon Park hotel, Jurys Inn and the Hilton hotel .Selsdon Park Hotel would have to make sure that there dumbfounds at waiters look more desirable by dint of there advertisement and job description through the recruitment department.State of the industryThe state of the travel and tourism industry affects the job of the Human Resource Manager a lot. This is because if a new resort or destination haves available for customers to visit the HR manager would have to train thier staff to so they can market the destination to the customers. Also with new technologies the HR manager would have a larger budget and then would be able to employ a larger lap force or give out incentives to current employeesSkill shortagesAs in many companies there may be a shortage in the skills needed to do a specific job. This may be because the company may not be able to find a suitable applicant and may have to put someone else with similar or not the desired skills in there place. Taking this put to death may lead to slow running of the company and stress being put on the staff below and on the level of these staff members. At Selsdon Park you have to get through specific process to become an employee in the business. Gail Hunter who is Selsdon Park hotels Personnel Manager or H uman Resource Manager would have to select applicants and short list them down to the top 50. There are many skills needed. For example to become a Selsdon Park Hotel waiter you must have obtained the adjacent skills firstIdeally you would need to have at least two years experience within this role, preferably within the hotel environment or quality restaurants. You must be a team player with good supervisory skills to enable you to assist in the day to day running of the kitchen and to ensure that a first class service is provided to our guests. You will be required to cook to a minimum AA one rosette standard. The hotel has a busy restaurant, extensive banqueting and a successful pub operation. There are a number of requirement that u need to become a member of Selsdon Park hotels staff. These are as follows* Experienced in a customer services environment & comfortable in a selling role* Physically fit with a good attendance record in your current position* Hard working, flexible & willing to operate on a shift roster* Over 18 years of age* Of normal vision (contact lenses acceptable)* Able to swim well* In possession of a valid EU passport* Fluent in English (both written and spoken)* Ideally possessing knowledge of a second European language* Prepared to work unsociable hours, any day of the year, at any time including weekends* Ready to meet the challenge of dealing with people and demanding situations* Friendly and outgoing with a critical personalityAs you can see from the skills required Selsdon Park hotel ask a lot from people who want to join there team. As the Human resource manager, you would have to go applications and cvs to try and find the best persons for the job who fit the criteria needed. With many applicants who do not have the skills required but who are accept on the job through a interviewing basis may need extra training, and may have to go on training courses. This would arrive at a slice out of Gail hunters Selsdon Park hotels Hum an Resource managers budget.Location issueThe locations of Selsdon Park hotel may be a fuss for the human resource planning for the hotel. This is because of the accessibility of the skilled staff the company needs to the airports are poor. This is when the human resource manager would have to decide carefully the most skilled staff they need for the hotel and how much out of the budget they would have to get. Also with people who live an extremely long way from the hotel there are living quarters on site which they could use.Competition for employeesWhen looking for specific employees needed to do a job in Selsdon Park hotel there may be external competition from other companies to employ this person also. For examples if there is a shortage of waiters companies within Croydon may all try to compete for the same person. These hotels include Croydon Park hotel and juries inn. Each of these hotels will advertise them selves in such away and would try to make them seem better to wo rk at then the other one. They would try and sell there business to the potential employee. They would mainly do this through advertisement. Selsdon Park also has a website http//www.principal-hotels.com/hotels.asp?hotelid=2&pageid=12 which explains jobs available and the pros and benefits of the job.WeatherNatural factors like the weather can also play a big part in the decisions of a HR manager. If the weathers get very serve and spoils the activates they have planned for the day outside it is up to the HR managerLawsAlso there are many laws which affect the role of the Human resource manager. These include laws and regulations that the manager has to go by. When selecting and employing people into the business the HR manager at Selsdon park hotel has to look go by the following laws. This are1 Equal opportunities law2 Race relation act3 Sex Discrimination act4 Equal net actEach of these acts must be follow by law and if these acts are not followed it could lead to an industrial tribunal. This laws and acts are in place to suspensor the HR manager at Selsdon Park hotel not hinder them. If all this laws are followed correctly the HR manager would select the best person for the position applied regardless of race or sex.Internal FactorsStaff Turn OverWithin an organisation there is a number of staff they employ. In many companies like Selsdon Park Hotel they try to limit the amount of staff turn over. This is because of the costs that the company would be paying out in redundancies to the diligent affected if Selsdon Park hotel does not have a valid reason. Staff turn over is a term used by a business to describe the coming and leaving of people within the company. The higher the staff turn over the more the business would suffer because the coming and leaving of people would use up resources needed by the HR manager and would also affect the businesses productivityResponding to consumer trends in terms of products and servicesIt is also the job of the huma n resource manager to respond and cater to the consumer trends in the products and services of a company. In Ryan air they would analysis the best selling product and also see why the other flight packages are not selling. They would look at there flight prices and compare them against other short haul flight providers in Europe.Staff Turner Over, Career MovesStaff turn over is to do with the number of staff leaving and joining a company. It is the job of Selsdon park hotels human resource manager Gail Hunter to make sure they have the lowest amounts of staff turner over. This affects the human resource manager because it is his job to employ people to work in the company who have the right skills needed to perform the job correctly. Any human resource manager with a large amount of staff leaving and coming into the business would have a lot of work on there hands. This would be because they would have to go through job interviews and selection processes. Doing all this would take u p a lot of the managers time so it is the human resources mangers job to make sure everyone in the company is well catered too, and are also satisfied with there job.Sickness rates and AbsenteeismHuman resource managers have to monitor the sickness and absenteeism in the company to make sure no one is taking to much time off and also whether to give out sickness pay which if a lot of people are off at one time would take a large slice out of the HR budget.Organisational structures, staff roles and responsibilitiesIt is the job of Gail Hunter to monitor the organisational structures and staff roles in Selsdon Park hotel. The organisational structure is the structure that controls a company and dictates who you report to and who reports to you. A group of people for example cabin conclave are control and overseen by a team leader which in turn reports to customer relations manager. This hierarchy is critical in the business so that all the employees know there jobs and rolls.LawsTher e are lot of laws which Selsdon Park Hotel must follow to make sure of the smooth running of the business. Because Selsdon Park hotel is also a restaurant and serves food they must follow the food safety Act 1990. This act requires that owners and operators of food businesses take all reasonable precautions and exercise due diligence to ensure that they comply in every respect with current food legislation. Another thing which is tied to the food laws is personnel hygiene which when handling food must be very good with long hair tied back and also hats worn when preparing food.Source Principal Hotels employee handbook date of EmployeesAlso the age is a main factor which companies have to be aware of. They cant employ anyone under the age of 16 by law or the company could be prosecuted. Also many companies try not to employ women of a certain age. This is usually 20-30. Companies should not do this but they do because women at these ages are more likely to have children. So if a com pany employs a large amount of women at this age they would have to pay out maternity leave if they have children within this time.Training OrganisationIt is the responsibility of Gail Hunter the Director of Human Resources at Selsdon Park Hotel to make sure all her staffs are trained well. The organisation must make sure the new employee in training noses about hazards and risks within the workplace. It would be the job of the training person to tell the trainee the hazards and risks within the workplace and also to deal with them. These hazards may include1 Torn or ripped carpets2 Broken article of furniture3 Overloaded sockets4 Loose flexes5 Trailing cables6 Overloaded tables/shelving7 Spillages8 Broken Glass9 Rubbish accumulating almost of these hazards seem simple and straight forward but when entering a new workplace the simple list of tasks may seem daunting .Another thing they will teach the new employee would be risk assessments. Risk assessments are where hazards are ident ified and the risk is identified from this hazards. The new employee is also told where the first back up boxes are so that if an accident does happen they can quickly deal with it. In Selsdon Park Hotel the first add boxes are situated1 housekeep department2 Kitchen3 Reception4 Room Service5 HR6 Greens department7 The Restaurant8 Conference and Banqueting Vale trySource Principal Hotels employee handbookThe HR and staff are very primal to the business. This is because the HR department manage the staff to make sure they are proforming well and that their needs are catered to. It is also the job of the HR department to make sure that all the employees are up to date with all the new legislation and laws implemented to company.Also HR has to make sure that all the employees are trained well. This is so important because when in the eye of the customer the employee has to know what they are doing when taking down bookings and other such things. The lack of training could lead to th e company loseing large amounts of money and also customers who would look for other organisations. If all staff are trained well and know what they are doing the performance of company is going to be better, and also the employees will feel more confident when dealing with customer service and company situations.

Erikson on Play Essay

In the Modern Theories lecture, all three theorists Freud, Vygotsky, and Piaget developed antithetical views on social good turn. Erik Eriksons go possible action is similar to Vygotsky because Erikson viewed play as a necessary factor for social development. My extra credit paper is everywhere the modern theorists. During the class lecture, I larn that Erik Erikson researched how the ego is the childs personality and is responsible for a unified sense of self. Cognition and play was Piagets focus Vygotsky researched a childs ZPD development.Bruner researched his idea on problem solving. However, play is more manner of operative taboo personality formation a way of savvy and interpreting what a child is feeling. All three theorists were social researchers. However, Erik Erikson was most noted for his work in refining and expanding Freuds possible action of stages. He found bug out that adults do not play because they have reached the superego stage. Anna Freud and Lili Pel ler were two researchers who found out that play is a way of working out traumas and it is a basis of play therapy.Lili Peller researched how play is wish fulfillment children have desires that they cannot fulfill, however, they play it out. Kids be working out their issues through toys. Play is a way of working out personality issues and understanding/interpreting how a child is feeling. Play is also a key feature of socialization. Corsaro developed the type of vocalisation reflects social status and creates social status. According to Gregory Bateson, the language of play is important children give each other signals that play is going on.Bateson found out that the received and the unreal was not the here-and-now and the not present. Bateson agreed with others about what is going on. Children also create a frame where play takes place they step in and out of the frame using codes, signals and cues. Bateson also discovered that children also step in and out of the play frame usi ng codes, signals and cues in as if activities. Millard Parten was the first chick to focus on how children progress in their social interactions in peers.Mildred Parten, Ph. D. ocused on Sociology (1929) her research focused on how children progress in their social interactions with peers. I learned and remember from the lecture that according to Erikson, children are able to self heal when they play it out where adults rag it out. In auto cosmic play play begins and centers on the childs own body. The childs play is the infantile form of the human ability to deal with experiences by creating model situations and to exceed reality by experiment and planning. Partens theory lead me to believe that the uninvolved stage was the first level of social play participation.I enjoyed read about Eriksons timeline of Auto cosmic, microsphere and large sphere was Eriksons theory on how children develop in psychological stages. Auto cosmic play is performing with your own body verses in wh ich infants play with their own bodies, and going on to a toy microsphere (the kind of play that is done with small toys), followed by the macro sphere the kind of play that is done between children of play with other children. Autocosmic MicrosphereMacrosphere play with body play with toys play with other children The diagram above is what I learned from the presentation.Corsaro researched how children communicate with each other and Language Serves as a way to form social groups and a hierarchy during play and talked about a type of utterance that reflects social status and creates social status during play called Social Play Talk I questioned how play is a way of working out a persons ideas on forming their own personality. Social play meant to me that it was one of the forms of a theorists ideas. Freud, Erikson, and Peller all influenced play therapy. I had a question about why Erikson found out that children had a trust vs mistrust stage when there was already an autonomy vs d oubt stage.Lev Vygotskys theory on the ZPD made the most sense to me. Erikson built on Freuds theory by elevating social factors over biological ones and Erikson also show the id as the key to personality development. My view on social development changed from broad to specific after I read the pages on Vygotskys theory of the zone of proximal development. I understood more of why Play creates a zone of proximal development of the child. I learned that the child has different levels of development in different functions in social play.My understanding of theory changed because I became more aware of what children do in a social play setting. Cat Garveys theories fit into what I observed in childs play because Garveys preparatory talk fits into Explicit Directions for pretend play. I understood that children need directions to do a task (word puzzle). Signals also factored into how children decide to play. I found that signals can be very helpful in understanding childrens play. My favorite play talk lead me to believe Garvey was identifying the way children can transform the environment (playhouse into kitchen) and nything they can enact on. The different ways that kids are using language to create the scenario. Boys do not really use prep talk girls are more likely to use prep talk lets play house. I did not see any theory that was not play related, however, Garveys play theory was non helpful in explaining other types of nonverbal play and games. Each theorists ideas were based off of their own philosophy and beliefs that play were relevant to childrens purpose and context in social development. I was impressed that the modern theorists had some idea to describe and understand childrens social experiences.

Health Care Financial Accounting Essay

It is essential in any business, not just health c be to understand how finances directly affect the growth, achievement and longevity of the business and alone its parts. To truly understand how finance affects business it is important to gain knowledge and understanding of how the business generate taxation ,the hard currency flow of notes that comes into the business, how bills are paid and money leaves the business and how investments are made in the business that can directly and indirectly impact the pecuniary growth of the organization. In health care organizations there are different factors that come into play in the financial department but in the long run the attend of generating revenue and paying debts are the same as any other business organization. The following items will be addressed in the review of Patton- afloat(predicate) financial statements Annual embrace, including Patton-Fuller financial statements and relationship between revenue sources and expe nses on Patton-Fullers financial performance.How did the audited and unaudited financial statements differ? In general the audited enunciates are more ceremonial than the unaudited accounts. The audited report includes the companys history, a CFO report, a message from the CEO, and a report of independent auditors. The audited and unaudited financial statements differ slightly in info in some areas for Patton- Fuller Community Hospital. Under the assets section in the numbers for endurings accounts receivable numbers differ slightly from 2009. In 2009 on the unaudited report it provides the data of 59,787 and on the audited it has 58,787. This also leaves the radical current assets and the total assets to differ slightly for 2009. On the audited report total current assets for 2009 are 127,867 and on the unaudited report it has 128,867. On the unaudited report the total assets for 2009 are 588,767 and 587,767 on the audited. Under the total liabilities calculations the retaine d earnings for 2009 differ slightly.The data for 2009, on the unaudited report gives 126,564 while the audited report gives125,564. What is the effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital? The effect of revenue sources on financial reporting at the hospital are that it is variable and could adjust as the reports get audited and could change year to year. Revenue comes from a few different sources and can be located on the financial statements and reports for the year. According to the information on the balance sheet, the sources of the Other Revenue are third party payers of forbearing bills. For the income statement, the revenue is used to calculate the operating income and ultimately the net income. The Net Income value is factored into our Statement of Owners Equity report to give us our end of the year value for retained earnings and stockholders equity. Net patient revenue is the first and foremost source of income for Patton-Fuller Hospital. Other source s of revenue come from borrowing monies, equity from stock or capital, and company assets. In 2008, the net patient revenue was $418,509 in the audited report.The total other revenue for 2008 accounted for $2,805 in the audited report as well. These amounts did not change from the unaudited report. The net patient revenue for 2009 was $459,900, and other revenue was $3,082 for that year. For Patton-Fuller Hospital, the income statement shows the total revenues increased by $41,668 from 2008 ($421,314) to 2009 ($462,982 Upon further reading on the reports we find that the total expenses goes over the amount of revenue the hospital is bringing in. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424 and for 2009 it was $463,293. ). However, since expenses continued to exceed the total revenues, our net income remained a net loss in 2009 ($373). So the overall effect of the sources on the hospital is that the hospital is deprivation in debt because they cannot match revenue with expenses as part of the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). How are the hospitals revenues and expenses grouped for proviso and control?The Patton Fuller Community Hospitals statement of revenue and expense is grouped for planning and control as it is itemized out by the different roles of income and expenses. Patton-Fuller Hospital groups all revenues into two categories for planning and control, the first category is net patient revenue, and the second is other revenue. Other revenue can be mixed-up up into wedge heel categories like revenue from assets, capital, and stock but I believe the idea of bunching them together is so it is easier to stay organized. This gives managers a clear picture as to what type of servicesare receiving the most income and causing the most expenses and designed to make it easier to calculate the total net revenue from the two main sources. Expenses are broken up a little further in the financial statements expenses are broken up by salaries and bene fits, supplies, physician and professional fees, utilities, other expenses, depreciation & amortization (non-cash expenses), interest, and provision for doubtful accounts. Provision for doubtful accounts would also include any changed due to being audited.These are broken up further to show where the money goes each financial period for future planning and helping to predict future expenses this information can assist a manager in planning future budgets and in making financial adjustments to increase revenue and drop-off expenses. The total expenses for 2008 were $437,424, and for 2009 they were $463,293. In 2008 the departure between the revenue the hospital brought in versus what their expenses were was $16,110. The difference in 2009 was $311 from what there revenue was verses what their expenses were. The detailed way in which the expenses are laid out allows an individual to clearly see where finances are tone ending and highlight any warning signs that a certain department or service is costing the hospital too much and needs to be re-evaluated. cultureAfter reviewing these statements it is a clear picture that Patton-Fuller Hospital had a undeniable difference in the 2008 versus the 2009 financial statements. The numbers and financial ratios show a decrease in revenue and no improvement for the overall growth of the hospital. A good practice for the hospitals financial managers is to regularly review the financial reports and statements to help project and plan for the differences in the audited and unaudited reports for Patton-Fuller hospital.ReferencesApollo Group. (2013). Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Virtual Organization Multimedia. Retrieved from Apollo Group, HCS405-Health Care Financial Accounting website.

Personal Dilemma Paper Essay

In February 2014, Baltimore Ravens player Ray sieve and his fiance Janay Palmer (now married woman) were arrested, charged and later released in Atlantic City on what was called elementary assault charges. The expound were not clear at the time. However, what was known was that Rice and Palmer got into a some form of an altercation inside the Revel Casino. Rices lawyer stated in was just a minor physical altercation. Not long afterward video footage surfaced showing Rice dragging an unconscious Palmer out of an elevator. The Ravens establishment as a whole defended Rice after he was arrested and reiterated he would continue to be the teams running back. Steve Bisciotti, the team owner, praised Rice and his close character and noted that Rice had no prior off-field trouble. The charges against Rice were elevated to aggravated assault after prosecutors presented the case to a grand jury. At that point, the charges were dropped against Palmer for simple assault (AP, 2014).Palmer st ated she did not wish to proceed with prosecuting Rice. However, that did not keep the state of New Jersey from moving forward with prosecuting the case. Rice did not usurp a plea deal that would keep him out of jail in exchange for going through anger management and the successful completion of probation. Instead, he decided to plead not guilty and apply for a first-time offender program that might remove any charges in as little as six-months. Under this program, Rice would need to keep out of any trouble and partake in counseling on a regular basis. Prosecutors did allow Rice into this program instead of going to trial. If he stays out of trouble and completes the 12-month program, his record will not reflect the case. Interestingly, this program is normally only apply for non-violent and victimless crimes. Also, entry into the program has been granted in less than 1% of all domestic violence cases in the state of New Jersey (AP, 2014).The National football League (NFL) claimed it had not seen any video of an altercation within the casino elevator. A law enforcement official stated the elevator video was sent to the NFL in April and he had proof in the form of a 12-second voicemail with a number within the NFL offices that confirmed the videos arrival. The league office denied ever receiving it. The league claims it requested the tape, but was denied. The Ravens also claimed not to have seen the video until it was released by TMZ (AP, 2014).Rice is basically assured of not going to jail, but was not able to keep the NFL commissioner from place down a little justice of his own. He originally hanged Rice for a mere two games. This decision was met with considerable public outrage. Goodell had to shoot that his initial punishment was wrong and beefed up the NFLs policy on domestic violence in reaction to the public outrage. The new policy would suspend a player six-games with no pay for a first offense, and lifetime banishment for a second offense. After seeing Rice knocking his wife unconscious, the Ravens terminated his contract. Allegedly, the team made this decision because Rice was not honest with them.Shortly after his release from the team, the league suspend him indefinitely. Since the league had previously suspended Rice (the initial two-games), the commissioner needed justification to indefinitely suspend him. The commissioner notified the Players Association that an indefinite suspension resulted from Rice telling them something different than what appeared on the video of him impinging Palmer. Contrary to the commissioners statements, there were several sources (including Ravens General Manager Ozzie Newsome) who stated that Rice was being truthful (McManus, 2014).By all accounts, Rice was known as a good guy. The commissioner said seeing the video changed everything. But, why? Everyone knew what happened in the beginning the video was released. Rice knocked out his then fiance in an elevator. Nothing changed before or after the video was released. Goodell stated they should have seen it earlier and should have pursued their own investigation more vigorously. That is true. So, why didnt they? The question unchanging remains. Why would seeing the video change their minds about his punishment? Initially, it was only worth a two game suspension.Remember,nothing changed. After the video was released, he is suspended indefinitely. Since this is his first offence, shouldnt he be suspended for only six games? Why should he lose his job and income. Wouldnt it be wear of the NFL and the Ravens organization to help this man and his family instead of just tossing him away like trash? Rice was clearly tried and found guilty by the court of law of public opinion. It is amazing how fast we are as a society to be publicly correct, jump to conclusions, and show our willingness to take away a somebodys livelihood.ReferencesAP, (2014). Timeline of Key Events in the Ray Rice Case. Retrieved on 13 Sep 14 from htt p//abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/timeline-key-events-ray-rice-case-25441413 McManus, J. (2014). How the NFLs new domestic violence stance came to be. Retrieved on 13 Sep 14 from http//espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/11464303/how-nfl-new-domestic-violence-stance-came-be

Importance of School Paper

Importance of our School Newspaper Have you ever wondered? What is the importance of a instilldays report. Some may think, it is our way of being updated with what is happening in the take aim. Some may think it is just a paper for entertainment purposes. And some cogency think its nothing. entirely the truth is, a initiate paper is the one that answers our questions, one that keeps us updated, and the one that keeps us interested in our school surroundings. It is made in a logical and comprehensive way, in way such as that the reader can easily understand the newspaper. A school paper is excessively made through rigorous editing, processing and writing.A school paper gives that answers to the questions that we have in our school. Whatever that question maybe? The question may be about student achievements, school activities, new people such as teachers and staff etc. This shows how our newspaper can be very reclaimable to us, as students. And we are not the scarce ones be ing given this information. The staff and other people are also informed of our school through our schools newspaper. This chain of information that is being made perk ups it possible for the people inside and outside our school be more vigilant and active in our school surroundings.A quote by David Bryne People hear about stuff from their friends or a magazine or a newspaper. . This quote is a controversy of how information offeres from one person to another. But not all the time this information that is being passed is true. That is why there are some people who learn that a newspaper is the disgusting of all media. Because as much as people want to make a really good newspaper. The Bias of the persons devising it is sometimes still there. Thats why you can never really tell if an newspaper is fair in its job to give fair and ripe news to everyone.The newspaper that we have now also updates us with the most recent and important news. Without it we will be ignorant in judgin g our surroundings, and that makes us not good. And because we have this common norm that people who are updated are the people who are what they say IN in our society. That is depends upon you if its true. But it is of course much better to be updated in the happenings and the events in our own school. And because we are updated with our school, we become interested in our own school. Interest makes sure that our distinctive feature is always there.That is why when we receive a copy of the Forum, we become excited. The school newspaper is also made with essays. And those essays have their own structures and functions. For example an essay has lead main parts. The introduction, which contains the Hook and the Thesis Statement. The body, which is the very soul of the essay. And the conclusion. Which ends and sums up your ideas for the essay . There are also types of essays. Some of these are descriptive, research, contrast, comparison, literary, persuasive, argumentative and such. T hese are not all used in an newspaper but still is useful to know some of them.A school newspaper is made by a squad that rigorouly edits, processes, and approves the essays that are used for the newspaper. These are all headed by the EIC(Editor in Chief), which gives directives to the editing chief of each section. And then the editing chief of each section gives a writer a certain assignment for them. This is also the hierarchy of how the people who make the newspaper make them. First a writer will pass it to his or her chief. Then the chief retards it for grammar, annotations and such. If he or she finds some corrections he will not accept it and will return it to the writer.After he returns it to the writer, he will check it again and make sure that it is reviewed again and good material already. Then the chief will pass it to his EIC which will also check and review it for grammar and capitalization and such. He makes sure that there is nothing that was overlooked by the sect ion chief for he is liable for anything that is in that paper. He also compiles all the work done by the writer and reviews all those thoroughly. He or she also has the most highest position in the office. Here now we incur how a newspaper is made. Here now we see how hard it is to make.The hard work and the time that was used for the creation of the newspaper was important. Because we know that the newspaper is not just a piece of paper lying around waiting for some to read. It is something that allows us to learn. It is a paper that gives all that we need. The people who made this newspaper made sure that it is made clearly and intently, with its own purpose. We see here what are the types and the structure of an essay. Because this information is crucial to the formation of person . directly we learn that a newspaper influence almost everything in our daily lives.For it is our lives, it is the one that contains what are lives are meant for. Here now we learn that it is importan t to make sure that we take care of our newspapers. That we make sure that it is used according to how it must be used. We learned this that it answers our questions, updates us, keeps us interested. We know also that it is made in a logical and comprehensive way. And lastly we know that it is made by people who made sure it is the best newspaper. Thats why we can only say one thing. A newspaper is indeed important in our life

Asda Strategic Management Essay

I.IntroductionAsda was first formed in 1965 by a group of Yorkshire farmers and originally sold solely market products. However in 1990 Asda sold its first range of clothing under the name George and was soon in some of their stores. In 1999 Wal-Martbought Asda and has since moved into other sell areas such as electronics, home appliances and home, travel and motor insurance, as well as setting up an order and deli very operate (Saunders, 2011). Now Asda is the third-biggest supermarket in the UK with over 500 stores across the UK and provide around 35,000 products to customer. The following composing leave al star illustrate business-strategy level of Asda by using several(prenominal) strategic synopsis model like PEST, SWOT, Porters Five Force and Porters Generic Strategies.This report as well gives to Asda some advices for future reading strategy.II.Content1.The wider environment in the UK.PEST analysis is a simple tool, useful and widely used.It depart help to capture the overview of semi semipolitical, economic, cultural social and technological environment in the UK PoliticalThe political environment is ideal for business with a stable friendly government. The political environment in the UK is considered to be relatively stable. The UK is a nation under a constitutional monarchy. Head of state is the king, but the king only symbolic role. Executive power is exercised on behalf of the king, but in the turn over of actual government. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives seat (Williams, 1998).Generally the British political system little changed. Even the legal system of the State policy besides does not change much Biggest concern of businesses is the continuity of the rules and principles of conduct whether any(prenominal) of the parties are in power. A change in government, whether by election or coup not unceasingly mean changing the level of political risk. Contrary to the fundamental change in policy could create major instability. A sudden change in unpredictable government policies heap also hinder business activities of the enterprise, regardless of the changing cause.Sofor political factor, in the future years and current, Britain basic political situation is stable. This situation is good for British supermarket fabrication to grow in strength.Read moreASDA JobsEconomicIn the early 20th century, the global economy has made profound changes due to the volatility of the political situation in the world. The world economy achieved high growth rates in the 2000s and began to decline sharply after terrorism of 9/11 in America (Colin Grahame Bamford, 2002). The volatile world economy has profoundly affected European countries such as the U.S., Japan but the UK economy remains sustainable. UK also is an entrancing market for foreign investors because the UK has numerous advantages, such as the financial centre o f the world currency, infrastructure development, and tax is lower than the EU other, skilled workforce with relatively low labourcosts compared with developed countries.Currently, the UK is attracting foreign investment (FDI) in most EU regions. In 2008, the UK accounted for 30 % FDI in the EU, accounting for 9.3 % of world FDI. As predicted, in 10 localities FDI only leading the world in 2001-2005, England was ranked 2nd after receiving the U.S. with an average derive of FDI per year is estimated at 82.5 billion dollars. UK is also investing abroad cock-a-hoopst EU. In 1998-2005, an annual average of UK investment abroad amounted to U.S. $ 119.4 billion, private investment in 2008 totalled nearly $ 250 billion (ONS, 2012) . The more important is the UK is The UK is the one-fifth largest economy coun give in the world, the second largest exporter and the third largest importer of commercial services, eighth largest exporter and fifth largest importer of merchandise. SocialIn 200 7, the UK population was reached 61 million.UK is one of most dumbly populated countries. Growing of UK population isabout nearly 400,000 one year. Population growth tended to influence retail trade. More and more potential customers will be face up by ASDA in the future. The increasing population can give ASDA good opportunity for making more winnings. TechnologyScience and technology is developed in the UK now.By 2008 in the UK,there is about 16 million households use the internet for buying food. This was UK households 65%. (Na 2008) 2.The emulous environment within the UK.Analysis of the Porters fiver forces for the purpose of establishing the position of a company in that industry. The factors in the model of Porter is The five forces are threat of substitute products, bargain power of buyers, bargaining power of sellers, competitor rivalry and threat of natural entrants Future developments in the industry and the ability of the company to respond.The threat of substitut e productsThe threat of substitute products is very low for ASDA. It is the product convenient hiding in the corner or the license can be considered as the replacement product. However, because the less of the product at the corner store so customers will still have to go to the supermarket to meet theirshopping needs Bargaining power of buyersASDA is the largest distributor of influence throughout the UK, the system of the ASDA distribution can affect many industries such as food, electronic goods, commodities and consumer goods daily. ASDA has enough power to negotiate with other companies on equipment casualty, product pure tone and marketing policies to put products into your system. Threat of new entrantsIt can be said pressure of ASDA from competitors is very low. Because open a create a new supermarket or start to run a new business to enter the market you have to reach two conditions, which are invest a huge amount of capital and huge supply system to compete with ASDA. Ba rgaining power of suppliersThe provider can afford to have bargaining power pay the price in a few cases when only a few suppliers. Bargaining power of suppliers is very low for ASDA when they supply goods under the terms were drafted. ASDA had concerns about branding and enhance the reputation, such as set up ASDA Foundation in 1988 to assist any charity in the UK, and it is benefit for brand construct and is to be a leader that enhances customer loyalty. And more and more buyers want to go shopping at ASDA so the supplier power will increase in this situation. Finally, ASDAs productions are more and more competitive advantages. Existing rivalry between competitorsThe competition between existing competitors is very high because the supermarket industry in the UK is saturation. Therefore the competition within the industry appears to be intense. ASDA is affronting many familiar and external competitors such as TESCO, SAINSBURY,MORRISON and AHOLD of the Holland. TESCO is the large st retailer in the UK. It can contend for markets with ASDA by its large number stores and attractive price. SAINSSBURY is the second one in UK, its productions famous for high quality. While AHOLD is the largest supermarket in Holland, therefore it has the absolute strategies. All of these have a high degree to share market with ASDA.3.Asdas strategic position within the UK.SWOT analysis will be the useful tool to superman out the strategic position of Asda within the UK industry StrengthStrengths of ASDA Group is a system consisting of many stores spread across the UK. Chain stores have prove to be an ASDA strong brand. Now, the corporations in approximately 136 company retail stores. ASDA pursue low pricing strategy. It aims to offer a shopping basket which is 1015% lower than the chief competitors. ASDA considered the method that can use the Consistent low prices rather than advertisement to give the confidence to customer. It is that does not need to buy some products in othe r supermarket for pursue the value price. In addition, growing market share is strength, ASDA is the second largest food retailer in the UK, ASDA has outdoed the rest of the retail sphere in terms of growth rate and continues to gain market share as shoppers respond to its reputation for low prices.WeaknessSince this is a tar overprotect retailers with bum so some time in the company sold inferior quality products and this significantly affected the reputation of the company. The main weakness of ASDA is its lack of bantam and midsize supermarkets and small convenience stores in the UK, it is clearly that many European countries like France and Germany has places hard restrictions on construction of big stores in suburb and rural areas. Although most ASDA supermarkets fall into big style, but ASDAs biggest rival has two-third of outlets are small or midsize supermarkets. (Matlack, 2005) states that Even if ASDA big supermarkets are doing well, it is difficult to explode with tha t format.OpportunitiesAlso for large scale so the management and coordination of management activities is very difficult. There are many opportunities that can be exploited ASDA, which is expanding its market to potential markets such as the EU. In addition the company can exploit some other business sectors such as tourism, insurance. ASDA have many opportunities in many fields. Firstly, with the serve of economic globalization, many emerging markets are growing fast, like the turnover of China retail industry is increasing about 30% for every year. ASDA can access to the new market in the future.Secondly, it can grow organic food market. Rising health awareness among consumers led to a higher make for low calorie organic foods around the world. Customers are becoming aware of the risks associated with obesity and poor dietary habits. ASDA has taken many initiatives to cater to the health-conscious consumer.ThreatsSupermarket business is extremely profitable industry, many inves tors want to invest. Currently in the UK there are several large supermarkets are competing with Tesco and Morrisons ASDA. Initially, the UK retail industry is highly consolidated with Tesco and Sainsbury. Tesco is key competitor of ASDA. It operates through the multiple store formats, including Extra, Superstore, Metro, Express and hypermarkets. Besides in the UK, Tesco also operates in other European countries and Asia. Furthermore, the labour wages go up in the UK, according to the Department of Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, labour costs are raising in the UK. It would adversely influence ASDAs margins.4.The competitive strategy of Asda.For a big retailer as Asda, a sustainable competitive advantage is the key to get success. A sustainable competitive advantage is about performing contrasting activities or performing similar activities in different ways. That means, Asda must be capable of producing value for the consumer that is recognized as being superior to that of its competitors. The best ways to achieve this goal is that Asda should follow one of three generic competitive strategies which developed by Porter.Figure 1 Porters Generic StrategiesThe first strategy is overall cost leadership, this strategy requires Asda provide lowest-cost products to their consumers without reduce quality of products. Overall cost leadership allows Asada to outperform rivals within the industry because it can charge lower price and its lowest-cost base still allows them to earn profit. The second strategy is differentiation, if Asda use this strategy, Asda must provide different goods and services whichsatisfy the needs of their customers. Differentiation requires Asda spend more cost to create and keep their competitive advantage. However, this cost can be offset in case Asda can increase revenue. The third strategy is focus, Asda can focus on cost leadership or differentiation in a sign up market.Asda can become the cost leader but only within a specifi c market or Asda can offer special products, service with high value within a segment of market. In pursue focus strategy, Asda could develop their brand loyalty which help Asda decrease threat of new entry. One of dangerous problem in applying Porters Generic Strategy is that some organizations try to do all three and become stuck in the middle. However, in case of Asda it not appropriate, right from the first days of establishment, the company has put out a formula for their business is cost reduction to always discount sales. That means Asda choose cost leadership strategy to achieve competitive advantage in the supermarket industry in UK. To following this strategy, Asda always pledge give to their customer 10% cheaper than their competitor (Asda, 2014). Besides that, Asda also try to minimize their staffs number by using shopping online and self-service check out to reduce cost.Online shopping will reduce retailer costs because less staffs are needed in shops to serve the cust omer. The annual report in 2009 show that self-service checkouts are becoming more favoured in Asda store and the wage costs was saved 10 million. In addition, Asda also try to increase their economics of scale to reduce production cost in long term. In 2010, Asda paid 778 million to take over the Netto this is an aggressive tempt to close the gap with market leader Tesco (The guardian 2010). This process is evidence shows that Asda using economics of scale pursue cost leadership strategy. Another action shows the cost leadership strategy of Asda pay a large cost for their own machines and the result is that in the long term production of their own brands will be cheaper than other.Another measure of Asda in reducing costs is hard bargaining strategy with their suppliers. It means that they decrease power of suppliers, if their current suppliers do not meet their requirement they can simply move to other supplier that will meet their demands. More and more Asda is choosing to us e suppliers from abroad because they are frequently cheaper than suppliers in Britain and regulation is less strict meaning they are able to achieve their cost leadership strategy. (The Guardian)5.Future development strategy of Asda.Asda level strategyAsda has many stores around UK, but the company not expand around the world. The firm must develop and try to stay in the top of sales in the UK and try to compete with international companies. Asda now is the second largest retails in the UK by market share. Strategy of Asda, Asda will base on two strategies. First one internal growth and the second one is acquisition.First direction is internal growth,This direction will help the company to develop the products by using internal resources. Asda will open new electronic firm called Asda electronic, and this firm will produce some home appliances. This will help Asda to have more profit and to become the first largest retails in the UK by market share. This means the company will pay a lot of money in the beginning to build up the new firm, and in the research but after that the revenue will rise.Second direction is alliances,Its so important for any firms to extend to another country, but in the same time its difficult. The strategy for Asda is to alliances of another company like Aldi. Aldi is German company and has over 8,000 stores worldwide, the company opened in 18 countries around the world. And thats very important for Asda to become multinational firm. This alliancewill help the firm to make more profit.Ansoff matrix,Figure 2 Ansoff matrixAsda will development new products to the market in the UK. And the firm will produce home appliances like cooker and microwave and all the home machine. New market, Asda plan to expand in different countries by alliances with Aldi. That will procession the revenue, and help the firm to become multinational.Criteria suggestedSuitabilityThe strategies suitable for Asda, these strategies will move Asda from local comp any to multinational company. Because the firm will alliances another company Aldi. This means the number of customers will increase, and the profit will also rise.FeasibilityNow is the best time to do these strategies, Asda make huge profit in the last few years. This makes it easy to Asda to build the electronic firm and to acquisitions.AcceptabilityThe strategies are acceptable to the stakeholders of the business, because it will raise the profit of the company. And in the same time they will not do loss money.III.RecommendationBased on strategy of view of us, Asda should choose market development like a future strategy. In more specific, Asda should do alliance with Aldi because of two reasons. Firstly, the market for supermarket in the UK does not have lot space to develop, so expand to international will give to Asda more profit. Secondly, Aldi is giant company with wide range of store on the word alliance with Aldi not only helps Asda expand to Germany but also helpsthe firm will come multinational. All that will make the firm become bigger and have change to get stronger in the UK and capture the market share in other countries. In addition the firm will receive a huge profit as boost the revenue, build anextremelystrong brand image.IV.Reference1.Na, 2008 People Prices Planet onlineAvailable at http//www.about-asda.com/inside-asda/people-prices-planet.asp (Accessed 20/03/2014)2.TRAVIS, LAN (2008) Boom in births brings UK population to almost 61monline Available at http//www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices (Accessed 10/04/2014)3.Carol Matlack 2005 Wal-Marts Overseas Stumbles online Available at http//www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2005/nf20050727_3355_db016.htm (Accessed 05/04/2014)4.The Guardian (2009), Zoe Wood. Asda suppliers under pressureonline. Available athttp//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/mar/22/asda-supermarkets (Accessed 05/04/2014)5.The Guardian (2008), Finch. J. Asda wants ethical code f or UK suppliers onlyonline. Available at http//www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/apr/07/asda.supermarkets (Accessed 30/01/2014)6.Porter, M. (1980), Porters (1980) Generic Strategies, Performance and Risk, pp 87.ASDA. (2012). Asda Official Webpage. Available at http//www.asda.co.uk (Accessed 13/05/2014)8.Abraham, C. S. (2007). Strategic supply A practical Guide for Competitiveness Success. Bingley Emerald Group Publishing9.Colin Grahame Bamford, S. G. (2002). The UK Economy in a Global Context. London Heinemann Education Publisher.10.Kotler, P. (2007). A framework for market Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.11.Mike Storry, P. C. (1997). British Cultural Identities. London.12.ONS. (2012). Office for National Statistic. Available at http//www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html (Accessed 07/04/2014)13.Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York dispatch Press.

Impact of Illegal Immigrant Workers on the US Economy Essay

Illegal immigration is tightly woven into the fabric of the US economy. Its prevalence impacts all corners of the financial world, but affects the greatest impact on educational funding, healthcare expenditures and taxes. Illegal immigration tends to be viewed from extreme viewpoints in our country often influenced more by personal biases and political opinions than statistical points. In reality, the arbitrary and negative effects nearly neutralize each other and it has become a delicate balancing act for politicians to create and maintain a governance that works to please both sides and retain economic stability.Illegal immigrants are defined as anyone who is not a US citizen and who is in the country in violation of our immigration laws this could mean anyone who has entered the country undocumented or falsely documented, those with expired visas or any permanent resident who commits a crime aft(prenominal) entry and remains after expatriation orders. It is virtually impossi ble to report exactly how many illegal immigrants reside in the country since they deal with fears of deportation they dont readily identify themselves, but the INS, Census Bureau, and US General Accounting office estimates put the number somewhere between 2 and 12 million.There is also likely fluctuation based on time of year depending on availability of agricultural work. Most of the illegal immigration debate over the last two decades has focused on Mexican immigrants and California has been used as a model for influencing regulations across the country. This is due to the fact that in the US those of Mexican origin account for over 54% of all illegal immigrants and that California houses over 40% of the illegal immigrant population.This is important to live because many of the arguments and proposed or passed laws with regards to this issue stem from the Mexican immigration dilemma in California. (Here is what I could recover- I can get it done by sunshine on the school compute rs if it will make your due date- I am so sorry again. . . I have been freaking out cause of my computer and thus I was stuck at work and couldnt get to any computer all day yesterday.)

Consuming Kids

Consuming Kids The word-painting documentary Consuming Kids highlights the impact of media and advertising on the health and well-being of minorren. Advertising has critically changed canvas from the past to today, as it penetrates children more than adults. Companies have decided to deliver their advertisements to children due to their vulnerable minds. The techniques companies expend to pound a child with their advertisement is by using famous role models equipped with their harvest-time. This influences a child to grasp that product and evidently the same child becomes a consistent consumer in the marketing world.Not but is advertisement publicized on TV but, also on the internet and cellular mobile devices, do it harder for a parent to neglect its unwanted presence. Science is involved in this documentary as scientists use the blinking experiment to analyze the childs attention rate. Scientist have mentioned that advertisers use round figures passim their commercial, as it has been found that children are attracted to this shape making it harder for them to neglect the purpose of the advertisement. This is only a footling contribution of how advertising has used symbolism to support its function.Using symbolism within an advertisement is very wily because it not only portrays the significance of the product but, portrays the positive lifestyle given when the product is purchased. Age conglutination plays a huge role in the marketing scheme, as it provokes young kids to feel older, making the product more suitable for the younger consumers. Advertisements affect a childrens mind negatively, as it can impact their vocabulary, cause them to lose their concentration span and eventually diagnose them with ADHD.In this documentary I was able to greet and under(a)stand each and every perspective of how advertisements are abusing children. The media claims that parents are ultimately responsible for what their children watch, wear, and eat. I trust this is not true, because realistically a parent is unable to guard their child from advertisements every minute of the day. at that place is a likely chance that advertisement can be viewed at public locations like schools or daycares, making it harder to repel your child from advertisements. From this point, only the government has the ability to control such advertisements.As a night club we should embrace the conflict raised from the media and publicize the negative effects of a child watching advertisements. We should forbiddance the usage of advertisements used in schools and daycares so, children are not affected by them. A letter concerning the springy information about the documentary should be sent out to every family, so parents are conscious(predicate) of this cause. What shocked me the most, was the disturbing picture of the little girl who claims shes trying to be sexy. This picture represent a young female child with her back pointing to the camera without a shi rt.As soon as I recognized that, my point of view on advertisements harming children has changed enormously. There should be no reason for children to dress unsuitably in modern society. Yes, I feel like I have been affected by advertisements throughout my childhood. From a very young age of 6, I was behaving like the young boys shown in the documentary. Similar to them, I would also commit to violence and aggressive materials, such as movies and video games. At the time, it felt everyday but now recognizing the effect of advertisement I am able to comprehend that I was under the influence of media.

English Language Proficiency Essay

face is the craziest language. This tagline was make famous by the Ameri quarter author, speaker and teacher Mr. Richard Lederer. His column, Looking at Language, is syndicated in newspapers and magazines passim the United States. He has written to a greater extent than 30 books, including Anguished English, Get Thee to a Punnery, Crazy English, A Man of My Words, The Word Circus, The Miracle of Language, The Cunning Linguist, Word Wizard, and Presidential Trivia. Known as a verbivore, a condition he coined in the early 1980s, Lederers interests include uncovering word origins, pointing out common grammatic errors and fallacies, and exploring palindromes, anagrams, and other forms of recreational wordplay. We all know that English is the universal language and by means of this, we can easily communicate with other nationalities all over the world.Filipinos are known to be good English speakers and to start our training at an early age, schools all over the Philippines managed to have the English Policy. It wouldnt be only a benefit for the students save for their teachers as well. Based on the past issues of ECHO, QCA already underwent a system in which the faculty club had been given a chance to go for an English training. nonetheless the students actively participated in the said policy that they should speak English or else they will pay their penalty. Its not about prohibiting us to use our native language but it helps us to become more confident in communicating with people. As an opening for the year 2013, ECHO wanted to know the portion of the students today regarding this matter.Would they still like the English Policy impale to nurture their capabilities in this language? permits hear some of their opinions. Indeed As a student, I want to help my classmates and schoolmates to come more about English grammar and communication. In this way we can improve our English skills, Brian Caacbay of I Agap A stated. John Karl de Jesus from IV Abad San tos B said, Yes, I still want the English Policy back in QCA because it helps students to develop their competence in the use of the certain language and to encourage positive attitudes towards encyclopedism it. For me its a yes, because it can help us to improve our grammar. It can also help us to speak more fluently in English, Reign Mariano of I Agap A remarked. Most of the students answered positively and this brings a greatopportunity to all of the QCAians. English may be a crazy language but its not that hard to learn as long as we are eager to do it for own good sake.

Low Involvement Theory Essay

1.0 BACKGROUND OF FOUNDERThey ar ii founders who developed social Deception opening. Judee Burgoon or recognisen as Professor Burgoon is the director of Human confabulation Research for The Management of Information Centre. Besides that, she is also She is Professor of intercourse and Professor of Family Studies and Human maturement at the University of Arizona She was the PHD holder from West Virgina University. Professor Burgoon has authored 7 books and over 240 articles, ch liable(p)ers and reviews related to sign-language(a) and relational colloquy, interpersonal relationship, the impact of new communication technologies on tender-hearted and human-computer fundamental interaction, and some other researches.Among the theories that she almost notably united argon interpersonal Adaptation surmisal, Expectancy Violations Theory and Interpersonal Deception Theory. During her career, she has received many awards such as, NCAs Golden Anniversary Monographs Awards, the C harles H. Woolbert Research Award for Scholarship of Lasting Impact. In 1999, she got the National Communication Associations Distinguished Scholar Award, its highest award for lifetime of scholarly achievement. While in 2006, she awarded the Steven Chaffee c bothing Productivity Award. The awards that she gained show that she was talented American Academic. The second founder is David Buller. Professor David Buller was the Professor at northern Illinois University.He was the philosophy professor. Besides that he also was the writer. Among his publication are Function, Selection and Design, in 1999, Adapting Minds, evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature in 2005. He has also contributed a attracter in writing articles to books and journals. During his career, Buller has experience in finance, management, operations and sales. He has served as chairman of the Writing commissioning for Social Studies Standards for Minnesota public schools. In his communit y he has served on the Hugo Planning Commission and political company precinct chair. As an active member of several professional organizations, he has been president of both the strategic Leadership Forum and the Association for Corporate Growth. He was also a leader of the Edison Electric impart Strategy Group and the Society of Competitive In heraldigence Professionals. He was graduated from the Centre for Business Intelligence. He was died in 2011.2.0 BACKGROUND OF THEORYInterpersonal trickery theory (IDT) explain the interplay amongst active deceivers and exposeors who give out with multiple motives, who behave strategically, whose communication behaviours mutually influence one another to produce a era of apparent motions and coun lineoves, and whose communication is influenced by the situation in which the antic transpires (EmGriffin, 2000). IDT essays to explain the manner in which case-by-cases bed with material or perceived feigning on the conscious and subcon scious levels while engaged in face to face communication (Buller, 1996). This theory is an interpersonal theory that a set of unchanging assumptions concerning interpersonal communication in general and delusion in particular. This theory is developed by Judee Burgoon and David Buller. The core ideas of IDT can be dissever into two which are Interpersonal communication is interactional and strategies deception demands mental effort.Firstly, interpersonal communication is interactive core that interaction, rather than individuality, is at the core of their theory. For instance, if the assault amongst you and Pat actually took place, both of you would be active participants, constantly adjusting your behaviour in response to feedback from individually other. Whatever story you tell, you shouldnt comport Pat to remain verbally and gesturally mute (EmGriffin, 2000). (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996) Second idea is strategies deception demands mental efforts which means that successful deceiver must consciously manipulate information to create a plausible message, birth it in a sincere manner, monitor reactions, prepare follow-up responses, and get ready for damage fit of a tarnished image-all at the said(prenominal) time. For example, If you choose to be less than full in your surprise encounter with Pat, you may find yourself unable to attend to every aspect of deception, and some of your communication behaviour provide go on automatic pilot. (EmGriffin, 2000).3.0 MAIN CONCEPTS/ VARIABLES3.1 Leakage Leakage concept is the behaviour outside of the unreal senders conscious control, mostly nonverbal in character, can signal dishonesty and it is utilize in IDT. The concept was developed by Miron Zuckerman, who created a four-factor model to explain when and why leakage is apt to occur (A.Fos, 2005). First, deceivers intense attempt to control information can produce performances that pass off across as too slick. Second, lying ca employs physiological arousa l. Third, the predominant felt emotions that accompany deceit are guilt and anxiety. Fouth, the complex cognitive factors involved in deception can tax the brain beyond its capacity (EmGriffin, 2000). Under the four-factor model the extreme concentration required by an individual engaged in deception and employing the compensating mechanisms to mask that deceit may result in their performance appearing polished or rehearsed. Lying also ca manipulations a sender to become psychologically and physiological aroused. Such arousal is knockout to mask and leave alone eventually evidence itself. It is this very principle on which the polygraph machine is base (A.Fos, 2005).3.2 virtue biasAccording to Burgoon and Buller, community tend to regard interpersonal message as honest, complete, direct, relevant and dismiss although when the speaker lying to them. McCornack claims that there exists an implied social contract that all of us go a itinerary be honest with each other. It means th at a mutual understanding that our messages will reflect reality as we know it. Besides that, Burgoon and Buller also convinced that heap who know and like each other are peculiarly resistant to doubting ach others words. For example, the warmth relationships are motivated to find truth in whatever the other says and thus overlook or rationalize away accounts that others might find questionable. (EmGriffin, 2000).3.3 SuspicionBuller and Burgoon picture indecision as a mid-range mind-set, located somewhere between truth and falsity. In spite of the many shipway that respondents could become louche, Buller and Burgoon have found that its heavy to induce a deep-seated scepticism. Doubters tend to prefer indirect methods to gain more than information, but there is scant evidence that these probes help unmask deception (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996). Suspicion occurs when someone is tried to find the truth from the others. The person becomes suspicious with people who make them unconfi dent to cogitate what the others talk about. It usually pass aways when the person does not believe what the person says and he/she will not cause the word hundred percent truths. For instance, when you have cheated by someone, it is hard to believe that person again. You become suspicious to whatever the person says to you.3.4 Interactivity Interpersonal deception theory views deception through the interactivity of interpersonal communication. As such, it considers deception as an interactive process between a sender and receiver. In contrast with previous studies of deception that focused on the sender and receiver individually, IDT focuses on the dyadic, relational and dialogic of cheapjack communication. Next, Dyadic communication refers to communication between two people. A dyad is a group of two people between whom messages are sent and received. While relational means that refers to communication in which meaning is created by two people simultaneously filling the roles of both sender and receiver.Dialogic activity refers to the active communicative language of the sender and receiver, each relying upon the other within the exchange. Deception uses when the communication of one participant is deliberately false. For a variety of reasons, including receivers give cognitive loading from ongoing information management and the development of rapport between parties as interaction unfolds, receivers will typically judge senders more favorably than passive observers. Obviously, there is a correlation between the level of favorable impression of the sender and the ultimate chances of undetected deception (Burgoon, 1996).3.5 Strategic behaviourWhen the liquidator doubts the truthfulness of the information conveyed they will give clues in the form of non-typical behaviours. This will occur even if they attempt to mask such behaviours. Strategic behaviour is the proper behaviour or reaction that people use to act like nothing is happen or pick uping to h ide a secret or the truth. However, deceptive senders are by their nature more attuned to sensing suspicion than the receivers are to sensing deception. Thus, senders will adjust their message and its manner of presentation if they sense suspicion. This serves to make deception all the more difficult to detect. For instance, there is what is known as the Othello error. Individuals who are actually telling the truth behave in the same way when falsely accused or confronted with suspicion as do those guilty of actual deception. The term Othello error refers to the situation where a truth tellers adaptation to a false kick strikes the respondent as devious (Hearn, 2006).3.6 Deception in CommunicationBuller and Burgoon are more concerned with an individuals motivation than with their actual actions in determining deception. In their work they found that every deceptive act has, at its core, at least one of three motivations. The first is to accomplish some labour or attain some goal. Second, the communication may be directed at maintaining or creating a relationship with the other party. Finally, deception is often used to save face of one or both of the parties to the communication. Most people are uncomfortable when engaging in deception. One way in which they deal with this feeling is to attempt to disassociate from the behaviour. For example, when people try to lie they try to react like usual but there must be something different like reducing eye contact or through their body movement. (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996)The other ways that senders deal with the deception is to engage in their masking behaviour. blanket is an attempt to protect the senders self-image and their relationship with the Receiver. When engaging in intentional deception senders will attempt to restrain any corporate clews which may signal deception. They may also engage in compensating behaviour, such as exhibiting extreme sincerity. The difficulty is that the detection of all of these be haviours can save be through if they are measured against the senders base-line behaviours (Judee K.Burgoon, 1996).3.7 Falsification, Concealment and Equivocation One scheme is falsification where the deceiving party also referred as sender. While the person who is flat-out lies of the communication called as receiver. It means that the sender creates a apologue to deceit. For example the sender will creates a story that not really happen just only to lie or hide the truth. The second type of deception is book binding. In concealment the sender omits veritable material facts which results in deceptive communication. Finally, equivocation is included in the roster of deceptive behaviour. When employing equivocation the Sender skirts issues by, for instance, by changing the subject or offering indirect responses (Hearn, 2006). Nonverbal cuesA nonverbal cue is important element in IDT. People can detect deception through non verbal cues. Although people can manipulate their words, however it is difficult to hide their truth nonverbal cues. Nonverbal cues are including seventh cranial nerve expression, eye contact, gestures and touch. When someone try to hide secret or lie, they are difficult to hide their facial nerve expression and especially their eye contact with others. They try to reduce the eye contact with others and the way they talk, they move or react is little bit different from their usual reaction.4.0 Development of IDT Interpersonal Deception Theory (IDT) is generating from the concept of nonverbal cues to detect deception during conversation. The idea of this study was come from Sigmund Freud who studied about nonverbal cues in detecting deception among people. In his study, Freud observed a patient being asked about his darkest feelings. If his backtalk was shut and his fingers were trembling, he was considered to be lying. From the situation, he tried to study more about nonverbal cues. Then, in 1989, DePaulo and Kirkendol developed the M otivation Impairment Effect (MIE).This occurs when a persons motivation to succeed at lying negatively affects on the persons performance, making the lie less convincing. (Kirekendol, 2011). MIE states the harder people try to deceive others, the more likely they are to get caught. Burgoon and Floyd, however, revisited this research and formed the idea that deceivers are more active in their attempt to deceive than most would anticipate or expect. For instance, DePaulo has estimated the human talent to detect deception at 53%, which she states is not much better than flipping a coin. She has also stated that human accuracy is really just better than chance. (Hearn, 2006). In 1996, IDT was developed by two communication professors, David B. Buller and Judee K. Burgoon.They restudied the studies make by Sigmund Freud, nonverbal cues, and then they observed DePaulo and Kirkendol studies which they developed about Motivation Impairment Effect. Judee Burgoon and David Buller then unite both studies and they studied in depth about deception in conversation among people. Prior to their study, deception had not been fully considered as a communication activity, it is more like theory of communication strategies use to lie or hide the truth information from others. Previous work had focused upon the formulation of principles of deception. The principles of Interpersonal Deception Study were derived by evaluating the lie detection ability of individuals observing unidirectional communication (Hearn, 2006).The archaean studies of Interpersonal Deception Theory found initially that, although humans are far from perfect in their efforts to diagnose lies, they are substantially better at the task than would result merely by chance. However, this statement should be contrasted with subsequent statements made by the same researchers. Buller and Burgoon discount the value of highly controlled studies. Therefore, IDT is based on two-way communication and intended to describe deception as an interactive communicative process (Hearn, 2006). base over years of the authors and other scholars research, IDT expound on the dynamics properties of interpersonal communication, nonverbal behaviour, message processing, credibility and deception as it is achieved through interpersonal interaction.5.0 Application of IDT IDT demonstrate that people are poor at detecting deception. Thus, it is crucial that one not rely upon a perceived ability to detect deception in the negotiation context. There are habitual liars who compulsively engage in deception. However, most people do not lie without reason. It is natural to think that deception would be well(p) to any negotiating party. Many statements will be made in the course of a negotiation. Not all statements will completely true or completely false. The language used to achieve a precise task can be varied as the people who feel a need to deceive. soon enough Buller and Burgoon list some characteristic that reflect strategic intent. 5.1 Uncertainty and vaguenessIf we do not want our ally to know about our absent for class yesterday, we must keep the answer short and noncommittal. If we say, Im sick the brevity precludes detail to challenge (Burgoon, 2000). Another way is to speak in the passive articulatio and use indefinite pronouns.5.2 Nonimmediacy, reticence, and withdrawal We wish not to be there when our friend ask why we did not come to class yesterday. That desire to be out of the situation is often encoded in nonverbal actions. We might sit further apart that others, or lean back rather than forward as our answer. Words also can show nonimmediacy when the speaker changes verbs from present to past tense (Burgoon, 2000).5.3 Disassociation This is the way of distancing yourself from what you have done. Levelers are inclusive terms that do this by removing individual choice (Burgoon, 2000). For example, we will tell our friends that everyone has done it and not attending class is normal . All of these linguistic constructions sever the personal connection between the actor and the act of deception.5.4 Image- and relationship-protecting behavior Since discovery could hurt their reputations and threaten their relationship, they consciously strive to suppress the bodily cues that might signal deception. To mask the cues that leak out despite their best efforts, they try to appear unornamented sincere. Deceivers tend to nod in agreement when the respondent speaks, avoid interrupting, and smile frequently (Burgoon, 2000).5.5 Flood the circuits Interpersonal Deception Theory demonstrates that when a Senders cognitive abilities are overloaded they will mother to leak. It stands to reason that the greater the load, the greater the leak and the easier its detection. Another major premise of Interpersonal Deception Theory is that individuals are poor lie detectors in one-on-one communication situations. Thus, it would appear to be to a treaters advantage to increase the l oad on their opposite (Burgoon, 2000). 5.6 Falsification, Concealment and EquivocationOne strategy is falsification where the deceiving party also referred as sender. While the person who is flat-out lies of the communication called as receiver. It means that the sender creates a fiction to deceit. For example the sender will creates a story that not really happen just only to lie or hide the truth. The second type of deception is concealment. In concealment the sender omits certain material facts which results in deceptive communication. Finally, equivocation is included in the roster of deceptive behaviour. When employing equivocation the Sender skirts issues by, for instance, by changing the subject or offering indirect responses (Hearn, 2006).

Kindergarten Essay

Kindergartens were started in the earlier 19th century in the belief in childrens inherent goodness. The founder accent on the importance of stories, nature study, music and play in addition to symbols. He advocated for the use of occupations and gifts among early days children. In America, they started in the late 19th century and were mostly found in private institutions. They took half(a) day and were mostly free. The educational goal then was not to impart children with reading and writing skills barely it aimed to educate the children as a whole.This goal involved a wide range of activities inclusive of killing the children, feeding and clothing them (Saracho & Spodek, 2002). Changes in the curriculum goals and objectives The curriculum goals and objectives of kindergarten get down variety showd signifi preempttly over time. Initially, kindergarten was characterised by fun, art, playtime, music, recess, novel time, circle time and naptime. However, the current goals of kindergarten are learning and children are always assigned work to do.It is concentrating on learning more than having fun. In todays curriculum, children are expected to learn science, social studies, writing, reading, math and even a second language. A whole school day is focused on mastery and the child is helped to learn in preparation for first grade. Children are also required to learn prompt and cover more contents. By the time the kids are going to first grade, they are expected to have started acquiring reading skills (Saracho & Spodek, 2002).Current academic escalation in Kindergarten as a necessary evolutionary change School stakeholders have mixed feelings regarding the current academic escalation in kindergarten. Some feel that the children have not developed fully to understand all the contents they are made to cover. On the other hand, whatever are opinionated that the current world has many demands and therefore it is important to impart the necessary skills in c hildren early enough.However, I feel that children should be let to grow and learn skills when their cognitive development can allow them to. This means that the changes are not very necessary since they are more academic oriented rather than fun directed and children are not ready for this. Reference Saracho, Olivia N. & Spodek, Bernard, (2002), Contemporary perspectives on early childhood curriculum, ISBN 1930608276, 9781930608276, IAP.