Role of Computers in Education free essay sample

Job of Computers in Education Computers have changed the manner in which we work, be it any calling. Hence, it is just yet common the job of PCs ineducation has been given a great deal of unmistakable quality in the ongoing years. PCs assume an imperative job in each field. They help industrialâ processes; they discover applications in medication; they are the core of the product business; they assume an indispensable job in training. Theuses of PCs in instruction are complex. Here, we will talk about the significant features of the job of PCs in instruction. Job of Computers in EducationThe PC innovation deeply affects training. PC instruction shapes a piece of the school and school educational plans, asit is significant for each individual today, to have the essential information on PCs. The upsides of PCs in educationinclude an effective stockpiling and interpretation of data, speedy data handling and significantly the sparing of paper. We will compose a custom exposition test on Job of Computers in Education or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Find out about theâ significance of PC instruction .Computer showing assumes a key job in the advanced frameworks of training. Understudies think that its simpler to allude to the Internet thansearching for data in fat reference books. The way toward taking in has gone past gaining from recommended course books. Today, aspirers can satisfy their hunger for information by methods for the Internet. It is simpler to store data on PCs thanmaintaining written by hand notes. To know more regarding the matter, read aboutâ course readings versus PC instructing . Online training has changed the instruction business. The PC innovation has made the fantasy of separation learning, areality. Training is not any more restricted to homerooms. It has reached far and wide gratitude to the PC technology.Physicallydistant areas have approached each other just because of PC organizing. PCs encourage a proficient stockpiling and compelling introduction of data. Introduction programming like PowerPoint andanimation programming like Flash and others can be of incredible assistance to the instructors while conveying data. PCs can turn outâ being a splendid guide in educating. PCs encourage a various media portrayal of data, in this manner making the procedure ofâ learning intelligent and fascinating. PC helped showing adds a pleasant component to instruction. Web can assume a significant job in education.As it is a gigantic data base, it tends to be bridled for the recovery ofâ information on a wide assortment of subjects. The Internet can be utilized to allude to data on different subjects to be instructed to thestudents. Besides, PCs encourage an electronic arrangement for capacity of data, in this way sparing paper. Schoolwork and testassignments submitted as delicate duplicates spare paper. Electronically erasable memory gadgets can be utilized more than once. They offer arobust stockpiling of information and dependable information recovery. The PC innovation in this manner facilitates the procedure of learning.A existence without PCs would appear to be practically impossible for some. The significance of PCs is apparent today and havingthe impeccable ability of PCs can just impel one’s profession the correct way. Today, PCs are a piece of nearly everyindustry. They are not any more restricted to the product business. They are broadly utilized in systems administration, data get to, information storageand the preparing of data. So why not present PCs right off the bat in training? Presenting PCs right on time in educationlays the establishment of a large portion of the major serious vocations. PCs assume a critical job in one’s individual and professionallife. Official Summary Computers and related advances are currently in pretty much every school across thenation. State change endeavors remember the coordination of innovation for educational program standardsand now and again make innovation abilities a different standard for understudies to accomplish. As thefocus on innovation grows, strategy producers and citizens are asking analysts ineducational practice to give the information to insightful dynamic on the utilization ofâ technology for learning.At this time the dynamic is regularly hampered by the lackâ of satisfactory research, despite the fact that there is impressive work from earlier years to guidefuture study. The advancement of innovation utilize The PC was brought into instruction during the 1970s and its first usehad educators and understudies figuring out how to program. Since that time there has been anevolution of best practices. As programming picked up in modernity, the PC becamethe coach or substitute instructor. Understudies followed the orders on the PC screenreceiving compensations for right answers. They additionally started to learn through playing gamesand straightforward simulations.Teachers of composing found the benefit of utilizing a wordâ processor and soon understudies were composing more and modifying effortlessly. Other teacherssaw the estimation of the PC in making a rich learning condition and had studentsusing databases, spreadsheets, introduction and research instruments over every single branch of knowledge. conditions in which understudies can learn by doing, get input, andcontinually refine their comprehension and assemble new information. ?Advancements can assist individuals with imagining hard to-get ideas, suchas separating heat from temperature.

A Comparison and Contrast Discussion between the Reading

Ladies are seen contrastingly by men in the general public today. There are absolutely the individuals who can see ladies as fragile jars while there are the individuals who basically consider them to be material slaves who should serve and not be served in kind, these separating perspective on ladies has been the point of convergence of the introduction of the significant issues with sees ladies consideration and treatment according to appeared through the readings arranged by Kincaid and Wright.Comparison and Contrastâ â â â Starting off with Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl†, she called attention to how specific societies treat ladies as unimportant slaves. Somebody who should be told on the most proficient method to get things done as they are really expected to achieve such obligations for those whom they should serve [including their spouses and their families]. It appears as though, it is through the achievement of these obligations that they are given the legitimate re gard that they are expected in the house and inside the network that they are living in.Everything a young lady is for will be for her family and the ones she adores. Sooner or later, a few ladies today are living in this specific pattern of treatment as got from their mates just as from their families. Tragically however, just a couple can understand that ladies should have their own voices, ready to do what they truly need to accomplish for self-awareness while achieving the errands that they are relied upon to complete.Furthermore, regardless of what convention proposes, ladies should be seen as reciprocal people for the achievement that men are especially focusing on and not just the slave headed to adhere to rules and guidelines for better support of the individuals that they should cherish as women.For this explanation, the determination â€Å"Flight† by Wright shows an alternate adaptation of ladies treatment that is very more satisfying than the past clarification. In this determination, the creator calls attention to that he is in critical need of his mate that he has made her an incredible wellspring. He really noticed that he ached for her friendship and would therefore exchange whatever else just to have her back close to him to impart to him the existence that the two of them intended to appreciate back then.Sadly however, there are just a couple of sorts of men today who might truly observe ladies as such. Be that as it may, with the presence of genuine romance and regard, the circumstance turns out to be a lot of tolerable to bargain with.True, ladies are people needing and requiring of consideration and regard. They are very much aware that they are somewhat expected to finish various undertakings in the house for their mates and their families as well.However, this isn't a sign that they are then expected to worry about the concern of being affronted despite the fact that they are as of now doing the best of their endeavors to finish th eir duties as ladies of their families and their social orders as well.It is never simple being a lady. Particularly during this time of modernization, everything with respects the job of lady in the general public and the family has just changed. It appears as though the duties have changed.Moreover, the circumstance has just been modified by the way that ladies currently are not just expected to remain at home and do the tasks, rather, they are presently expected to turn out to be exceptionally serious as they are likewise expected to work extended periods of time for cash for their families. Envision the immense measure of obligations that ladies especially need to convey upon their shoulders, yet they keep on persevering through the tough situations of life as it faces them.Overall Reaction to the ReadingsIf watched intently, the compositions of Wright and Kincaid really relate to a progressive example of acknowledgment. Kincaid essentially puts an accentuation on how ladies are prepared to be acclimated with the obligations that they are to look as they develop towards development while the compositions of Wright utilizes the circumstance to be the premise of the idea of really finding the correct motivations to help a lady and be her quality as a significant wellspring of motivation for her to have the ability of finishing her assignments well.ConclusionUnderstandably, the issue relies upon the society’s acknowledgment of how ladies really adds to the advancement of the general public as a mother, as a spouse, a companion and a laborer. Perceiving the significance of women’s presence thusly would in reality engage the individuals in turning out to be increasingly separate and fine-mannered towards the treatment that they suggest to the ladies in their own communities.Source:Jamaica Kincaid. â€Å"Girl†. http://www.turksheadreview.com/library/writings/kincaid-girl.html. (January 28, 2008).Franz Wright †Flight. http://pantasyangba yan.blogspot.com/2007/01/franz-wright-flight.html. (January 28, 2008).

Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa

Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Treatment Print Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa By Katie Grubiak, RDN Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 30, 2019 VeselovaElena/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Avoid Refeeding Syndrome Nutritional Rehabilitation Suggested Meal Guidelines Meal Plan for Success Other Weight Gain Tips Overcoming Challenges View All Back To Top The malnutrition that accompanies anorexia nervosa can negatively impact all systems of the body. Therefore, restoration of weight and nutritional health is an essential component of treatment for anorexia nervosa. Restoring a body malnourished by anorexia nervosa may take many months or even years. Patients with anorexia nervosa should generally be under the care of a treatment team, which commonly includes a medical doctor, a registered dietitian nutritionist, a psychotherapist, and a psychiatrist. Anyone beginning nutritional rehabilitation must be aware of the potentially fatal refeeding syndrome. This article begins with the necessary precautions to avoid this potential side-effect. It then offers strategies for outpatient nutritional rehabilitation, suggested meal plans, additional weight gain strategies, and suggestions for overcoming common challenges to recovery. Avoiding Refeeding Syndrome One potential risk to be considered before beginning nutritional rehabilitation is refeeding syndrome.?? Refeeding syndrome is caused by the rapid refeeding of someone in a state of starvation, usually chronic, and it may be fatal. It is characterized by electrolyte and fluid shifts associated with metabolic abnormalities in malnourished patients undergoing nutritional rehabilitation. How could finally eating after a period of starvation possibly be harmful to the body? Biochemistry tells us that ketone bodies and free fatty acids from the breakdown (catabolism) of muscle and adipose tissue replace glucose as a major energy source in starvation. During refeeding, there is a shift from fat to carbohydrate metabolism. The resulting insulin released from the pancreas increases cellular uptake of glucose, phosphate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and water. The body also shifts into a building (anabolic) state of protein synthesis, which requires more nutrient uptake into the cells.?? The body then is at risk for not having enough of these vital nutrients in the bloodstream. Clinical consequences may include irregular heart rate, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, coma, seizures, skeletal-muscle weakness, loss of control of body movements, and neurological symptoms.?? To avoid refeeding syndrome, levels of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and thiamin must be monitored for the first 5 days and every other day for several weeks. Electrocardiogram (EKG) should also be performed. Strict medical oversight is required.?? The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Criteria for Patients advises that there is a significant risk for refeeding syndrome if your starting point is 1,000 or fewer calories per day.?? Refeeding syndrome risk increases greatly with the following: Patients who have one of the following indicators:Body mass index of less than 16Weight loss of more than 15 percent  in the past 3-8 monthsLittle or no nutritional intake for more than 10 daysLow levels of potassium, phosphate, and/or magnesium before refeedingPatients who have two or more of the following indicators:Body mass index of less than 18.5Weight loss of more than 10 percent  in the past 3-6 monthsLittle or no nutritional intake for more than 5 daysHistory of alcohol misuse or drugs, including insulin, chemotherapy, antacids or diuretics?? Additional guidance regarding the prevention of refeeding syndrome is available via the Academy for Eating Disorders Guide to Medical Management.?? Under these conditions, nutritional restoration must go slowly to avoid potential refeeding syndrome. A medical team is necessary including a medical doctor and a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to calculate, monitor, and increase daily food and fluid intake as well as monitor plasma and urinary electrolytes, plasma glucose, vital functions, and cardiac rhythm before and during refeeding. The remainder of this article is directed towards those who are not at risk for refeeding syndrome and have been medically cleared to begin or continue nutritional rehabilitation on an outpatient basis. Outpatient Nutritional Rehabilitation Recent research has shown that for patients not at risk for refeeding syndrome, more aggressive and faster-refeeding protocols lead to faster recovery and better overall outcomes.?? It is not uncommon for daily caloric needs of people recovering from anorexia to reach 3,000 to 5,000 daily calories for a sufficient one-half pound to two pounds per week weight gain until achieving goal weight. This is especially true for adolescents who are still growing and young adults. Adolescents participating in Family-Based Treatment with parents in charge of nutritional rehabilitation support are usually able to be safely started at an intake of 2,000 to 2,500 calories per day.?? With an outpatient team supporting and monitoring, parents are often encouraged to increase meal plans to 3,000 to 5,000 calories per day for weight restoration. Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Eating Disorders Overview Parents and patients are often perplexed at such high caloric needs as renourishing progress. Why are they so high? Individuals with anorexia nervosa often become hypermetabolic, which means their metabolism has kicked into high gear as the body tries to rebuild all the tissue lost during starvation. Individuals commonly experience elevated body temperature as energy intake may be converted into heat, rather than solely used to build tissue. This paradoxical symptom makes recovery even harder. Additionally, many patients with anorexia nervosa engage in excessive exercise even despite severe emaciation.?? Such exercise may be hidden and can further undermine attempts at weight gain by increasing calorie expenditure. Exercise is usually not medically advised in the initial stages of nutritional rehabilitation, but patients may need monitoring to prevent it. It is important to note that because increased caloric intake generates significant anxiety in those with anorexia nervosa, achieving these caloric goals may be very challenging even with additional support. However, it is imperative to allow enough caloric intake for the body to fully recover. Weight goals should always be calculated by your medical team. A return of menses in females is critical.?? Again a medical team is advised to calculate your specific individual calorie needs as they shift during the recovery process. Suggested Meal Guidelines If you are consuming more than 1,000 calories per day as your starting point, are not a risk for refeeding syndrome as discussed above, and have been medically cleared to do so, then you may consider beginning nutritional rehabilitation. Please consult with a medical doctor and registered dietitian to tailor recommendations specifically for your body.?? For example, an illustrative nutritional rehabilitation recommendation for a 90-pound patient not at risk for refeeding syndrome could be as follows. Day 1-4: 1,200-1,600 calories/dayDay 5-7: If no weight gain is observed, increase by 400 calories per day to 1,600-2,000 calories/day (If weight gain is occurring you may increase more gradually.)Day 10-14: If weight gain is not reaching 1 to 2 pounds per week, increase daily intake again by 400-500 calories/day to 2,000-2,500Day 15-21: 2,500-3,000 calories/dayDay 20-28: 3,000-3,500 calories/day Remember caloric needs commonly increase as weight is gained. Therefore patients recovering from anorexia nervosa commonly require escalating caloric intake in order to maintain a steady weight gain. For this reason, weekly weigh-ins that record progress is desirable. If and when the rate of weight gain slows or stops, caloric intake must be increased. The Meal Plan Recipe for Success Since a calorie-focused meal plan could be triggering for those recovering from anorexia, it is not necessarily the first choice for registered dietitians to recommend. However, it could be helpful to have an idea of what calorie count to target, especially when reading food labels and menus. A good initial rule of thumb for a basic meal plan is three 500- to 800-calorie meals plus at least three 300-calorie snacks, but only after initial caloric estimates are calculated and monitored and the refeeding syndrome has been ruled out. Again, calorie levels are always a moving target, depending on the  rate of weight gain. The preferred meal plan model for anorexia nervosa recovery is the exchange system. It is often used in hospital, residential and outpatient eating disorder recovery treatment.?? Originally designed for patients with diabetes, the system is versatile in recovery because it takes into consideration macronutrient proportions (protein, carbohydrate, fat) without a direct focus on calories. Calculations often aim to reach 50-60% total calories from carbohydrates, 15-20% from protein, and 30-40% from dietary fat for metabolic efficiency. Each “exchange” (starch, fruit, vegetable, milk, fat, protein/meat) equates to certain food and its portion size. This allows for a focus on balanced food group selection during the meal planning process. However, having a balanced diet may not be as important as increased caloric intake during the weight restoration process. A Registered Dietitian Nutritionist can help calculate and design exchange meal plans taking this all into consideration. An illustrative 3,000-calorie Exchange System Meal Plan for a day might comprise 12 starch, 4 fruit, 4 milk, 5 vegetables, 9 meat, and 7 fat. A daily regimen might divide the exchanges into meals and snacks as follows: Breakfast: 2 Starch, 1 Fat, 2 Meat, 1 Milk, 2 Fruit 2 slices of toast (2 starch exchanges) with 1 tsp. butter (1 fat exchange)2 scrambled eggs (2 meat exchanges) made with 2oz whole milk plus 6oz of whole milk on the side to drink (total-1 milk exchange),4 oz of orange juice 1/2 cup fruit salad (total-2 fruit exchanges) Lunch: 2 Starch, 2 Vegetable, 3 Meat, 2 Fat, 1 Milk Grilled cheese sandwich:  2 slices of bread (2 starch exchanges), 2 tsp butter (2 fat exchanges), 3 slices of cheese (3 meat exchanges)Tomato soup (1 cup tomato soup condensed-2 vegetable exchanges) made with 1 cup whole milk (1 milk exchange) Dinner: 4 Starch, 3 Meat, 3 Fat, 2 Vegetable, 1 Fruit 1 cup cooked pasta (2 starch exchanges)2 pieces garlic toast (2 starch exchanges) 2 tsp butter (2 fat exchanges)3 oz of ground beef or turkey (3 meat exchanges) browned in 1 tsp olive oil (1 fat exchange) ½ cup tomato sauce with ½ cup cooked broccoli (2 vegetable exchange)1 orange (1 fruit exchange) Snack #1: 2 Starch, 1 Milk 1 large muffin (2 starch exchanges)1 cup whole milk (1 milk exchange â€" half half could be added for more calories) Snack #2: 1 Fruit, 1 Milk ½ banana (1 fruit exchange)1 cup whole milk yogurt (1 milk exchange) Snack #3: 1 Meat, 2 Starch, 1 Vegetable, 1 Fat 1 tsp peanut or almond butter (1 meat exchange)2 bread slices (2 starch exchanges)1 cup raw carrots (1 vegetable exchange), 1 oz hummus (1 fat exchange) Other Weight Gain Strategies In order to increase caloric intake to achieve a steady weight gain course, you can always remember some simple tactics:?? Increase the frequency of eating (from three times per day to six times per day)Increase the actual portion sizeIncrease caloric density (add fat while cooking such as oil, butter, cream, cheese which can increase calories without increasing portion size)Cut back on raw fruits and vegetables which can contribute to early fullnessSupplementing with liquid nutrition (Ensure Plus, Boost Plus) providing 350-360 calories per 8 ounces could prove very helpful for caloric density. Liquid nutrition in this form is recommended immediately as a replacement for skipped or unfinished meals or snacks. Overcoming Challenges on the Road to Weight Restoration Since a primary symptom of the disorder is a dietary restriction, what patient with anorexia will willingly eat more? Resistance is common and calls for direct support from loved ones and a team of professionals who can help hold patients accountable to meal plans and weight gain as well as challenge the eating disorder mindset and encourage consumption of fear foods on a daily basis. Vegetarian, low fat, low carb, and non-dairy diets should be discouraged (unless a diagnosed allergy) as they often are a symptom of the disorder and not based on legitimate health concerns. How Manage Negative Thoughts in Disordered Eating Delayed gastric emptying or gastroparesis is common with anorexia nervosa and can contribute to early fullness and bloating.?? This further complicates the renourishing process as eating the required increased intake may be physically uncomfortable. Frequent nutrient-dense meals and snacks that allow for smaller portions without sacrificing calorie content is the key to overcoming this hurdle. Eating disorder recovery teams can help support renourishings physical side effects as well as the psychological resistance to such aspects of recovery. Teams usually include a medical doctor, registered dietitian nutritionist, psychotherapist, and psychiatrist. When searching and building outpatient teams, it is advisable to make sure practitioners have expertise in the treatment of eating disorders. Allowing a loved one to help with accountability and provide recovery support can be extremely powerful in recovery. Family-Based Treatment (FBT or Maudsley) is an evidence-based model designating parents as the primary support for refeeding of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.?? Other models of treatment that provide family support for adults with anorexia nervosa have been developed as well. Recovery is not a linear process and may be slow. Remember that life stresses and major life changes can possibly activate relapse. Support and re-evaluation of progress and goals are constantly needed. Making peace with food and having restored psychological, emotional, and physical health and well-being are indeed possible.??

Racism, Discrimination, And Prejudice - 1458 Words

Racism, discrimination, and prejudice. When most people in America see those words, their first thought is our country’s past relationship with slavery. According to Cunion, slavery is â€Å"the institution of human bondage, in which individuals are held against their will in the service of another.† In the movie 12 Years a Slave, we see the unforgiving truths about everything that came along with slavery. Living in Saratoga, New York, 1841, along with his wife and two kids, Solomon Northup is a free African American man who plays the violin for a living. Solomon received news about an opportunity to play music out of town, so he made the journey, excited to showcase himself in the circus. Yet this trip takes a turn for the worst when he is†¦show more content†¦After much research, Wright notes that 12.5 million captive men, women, and children were taken on slave ships for sub-Saharan Africa and 10.7 million of those Africans made it to America. In the sixteen th century, the annual average of slaves going through the Atlantic slave trade was about 3,000; by the last quarter of the eighteenth century, that number sky rocketed to 72,000 (Wright). Between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century, slavery in America was held together by the Atlantic slave trade. Slaves that were brought to the north were treated completely different than the slaves that were brought to the south in America. In the south, there were two regions, the upper and the lower south, each having their own distinctive slave labor systems. The areas of the lower south, â€Å"evolved from a frontier settlement to an integrated part of the Atlantic slave economy† whereas the upper south had â€Å"gradually replaces indentured servitude† (Keene 82). Although different in the way things were run, but the upper and the lower south held poor working conditions and inequality to the slaves. In the north, the rural slaves would â€Å"work as field hands on small family farms† and the urban slaves worked â€Å"as domestics in wealthier homes† (Keene 83). Soon, free slaves began to emerge in the North. Some freed by owners who realized how terrible slavery really was,Show MoreRelatedRacism, Prejudice and Discrimination617 Words   |  2 Pagesantisemitism means prejudice against or hatred of Jews. In 1933 the Nazis rose to power and the party ordered anti-Jewish boycotts, destruction of Jewish property, and created many laws to prevent Jewish German citizens from doing certain things. In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were created and they decided to separate the Aryans and the â€Å"non-Aryans,† which led to a â€Å"racist hierarchy† in Germany. While this was happening, many Germans tolerated the hate crimes and did nothing to stop the discrimination. PeopleRead MoreDiscrimination, Prejudice And Racism2161 Words   |  9 Pages Diversity is a very valuable component within establishments like corporations and academic institutions such as colleges, universities, or graduate schools. This diversity aspect within our society has been over shadowed by discrimination, prejudice and racism. Centuries ago the world knew the idea of elitism. We as a human race had divided ourselves into groups for what was believed to be the greater purpose of the divine resolve or even that of a social Darwinism like policy that madeRead MoreRacism, Prejudice, And Discrimination1031 Words   |  5 Pages The movie we watched to see ageism was Up. The definition of ageism, from Meriam Webster, is prejudice or discrimination against a particular age-group, especially the elderly. In my opinion, we can also see it against young people. We can see when a job is hiring, they might not hire someone because they are too young, and they might think they are unprofessional. We can also see ageism in the Bible. Proverbs 23:22 says, â€Å"Listen to your father who begot you, and do not despise your mother whenRead MoreRacism : Racial Discrimination And Prejudice1556 Words   |  7 Pages Racism has become about only blacks and whites like those are the only races. I am also a Hispanic female, and I disagree that African-Americans and Americans should be the only ones in the media every time something happens. The quotes from the film were blasted all over the Internet. What about things happening with other races? We never think about major things like this. People act like racism only happens within these two races. We have other minorities and races, so should it be okay for everyoneRead More Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination in the Workplace Essay483 Words   |  2 PagesRacism, Prejudice, and Discrimination in the Workplace The workplace, including its composition and internal organization, is subjected to extensive regulation by the state. The civil society and its voluntary associations, have in fact, an important function with regards to workplace matters. In particular, they serve as a buffer against the state and an autonomous domain. Without them, differences and individual voices can eventually challenge the prevailing political order. ButRead MoreThe Oxford Dictionary Defines Racism As â€Å"Prejudice, Discrimination,1133 Words   |  5 PagesOxford Dictionary defines racism as â€Å"Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior.† If further defines the same as â€Å"The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.† (Oxford Diction aries | English, 2017).There are different types of racism based on religion, nationalityRead MoreRacism, Prejudice, Or Discrimination Against Someone Else Of A Different Race Or Religion?1226 Words   |  5 PagesRacism is defined as â€Å"Prejudice, or discrimination against someone else of a different race or religion.†(Dictionary.com) The way literature approaches racism is by the way they display the characters within the story. Since the author won’t get through to people if they just simply say that a person was racist, they use characters such as Tom Robinson from To Kill a Mocking Bird. Or from a modern point of view, racism isn’t always up front to someone’s face it can also be from social media, becauseRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird vs a Raisin in the Sun1396 Words   |  6 Pagesis a novel about how prejudice and discrimination can lead to an innocent man being convicted of a crime he didn’t commit just because of his skin color. A Ra isin in the Sun is a play about how the value of a family can overcome racism in a new town and allow a family to prosper, even in the worst conditions. However, both of these works deal with racism and discrimination in similar ways. Conversely, Harper Lee, being a white author, cannot portray believable accounts of racism and black oppressionRead MoreThe American Dream : An Unfortunate Nightmare1235 Words   |  5 PagesNightmare Institutionalized racism: the big elephant in the room. By definition, institutionalized racism is â€Å"Any action, intentional or unintentional, that is based on race or skin color and that subordinates an individual or group based on skin color or race is racism† says professor Vernellia R. Randall( cite). Institutionalized racism exist in ever facet of our society. They’re many cases where a decision was made based on someones race. For example: discrimination in the housing market. EspeciallyRead MoreThe Psychology Behind Prejudice : Humans Attitude1089 Words   |  5 Pages The Psychology behind Prejudice: Humans’ Attitude Jacinda Knudtson Antelope Valley College Abstract Prejudice is an opinion in which is not based on any reasoning, and may cause harm. Prejudice can be seen just about anywhere, and it affects our daily lives. There are many different ways a person can show prejudice beliefs, but why do they believe things they have never experience? Some may say it’s something personal with one’s self that causes prejudice thoughts, or some may think

Technology Is The World Of Online Education - 1026 Words

As the world of online education continues to evolve, schools are incorporating digital learning into their classrooms. Through diversifying learning and opening communication technology has become the most unique way to develop the comprehension the school’s desire. Student learning and the outcome of the technology generation has become a common development and looks as though it is here to stay. This paper discusses the pros for technology as the gateway to education, such as: diversity technology gives and individuality and responsibility technology makes students have; however, the most repetitive con this paper discusses and disproves is the idea that technology is a distraction. Technology is one of the most controversial and innovative subjects in recent history. It has been said that it’s what will cause us to survive in the near, but distant future. Technology has been entering the realm of education for years now. Some schools are becoming one on one schools-where every student has their own computer. The increasing population of ELL students have also come to use technological resources as a way to not only communicate, but to learn the English language. However, there are those who see technology as a distraction or it does not socialize the students. The main argument for technology in the classroom is that emerging students should be able to apply classroom concepts to daily life, and a large part of daily life revolves around technology.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Education1404 Words   |  6 PagesWith the great advances in technology, one can accomplish many great feats, be it Virtual Reality, a backpack desktop computer and ev en smart watches. However, technology has influenced many other parts of our world including education. How has technology influenced education? How do the pupils receive an education? How does technology play a viable role in this process? I will specifically be focusing on how education in South Africa is affected by technology. Technology has played a valuable roleRead MoreOnline Learning Is Not The Next Big Thing1279 Words   |  6 Pagestrue advantages of online education. Not only with college students, but younger K-12 kids too. Editor of Training and Development Magazine, Donna J Abernathy, wrote, â€Å"Online Learning is not the next big thing, it is the now big thing† (Pappas). She is referring to the advancements in technology that are here in the present, that are here to help, and are here to teach. More frequently these days, K-12 students are using online-based work. Some say submerging kids into technology is unhealthy for theirRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Education In today’s society, technology has become the world. Technology is shaping the world and many people are using it for its convenience. Technology has changed tremendously that it is now being incorporated into the educational system. Heidi Hayes Jacobs, an author and world renowned education leader stated that, â€Å"Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event†. Technology should help enhanceRead MoreTechnology And The Education System Interaction1494 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and the Education System Interaction Technology has been part of our lives in every different aspect ever since it was created and now we use it in our education system to boost up our knowledge rapidly. The usage of technology can be seen from the increased amount that numerous of each students posses, from smart phones to Ipads. Also in classrooms there are a significant increased amount of technology being used today from computer labs to online classes. Yet, many of these technologiesRead MoreImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computers asRead MoreOnline Education : Explanatory Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Education: Explanatory Essay Every year and every decade colleges change. Courses and requirements all change over the years. One thing that has changed over the years is online education. Online education was not always a part of colleges and courses but over time it has developed and has become part of the current college education. But what is online education? The article â€Å"Online Education. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection† said it best. â€Å"Online education, also called distance learningRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology Education932 Words   |  4 Pagesget online classes and some people like to learn face to face with a teacher. Back then in the 1900’s not that many people enrolled in college because they did not have enough funds to help support them in college so they were always stuck working in low wage jobs. Then in the early 2000’s lots of people were able to afford college so an enormous amount of people enrolled so the teachers had to find a new form of a tea ching method. Thats when teachers adapted the teaching form of technology. StudentsRead MoreWhat Is Computerized System Learning?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesassistance program for education. Prior to the onset of technology in the classroom and in higher education, the learning in the classroom started with someone writing on a chalkboard and then posing a question or making a statement, also known as the chalk and talk method. That was the norm. Today that has changed. Technology and Computerized Systems learning has made learning on the university level more convenient and accessible then ever. To begin let’s start when â€Å"technology† was first gettingRead MoreUsing Technology For Academic Success1192 Words   |  5 PagesUsing Technology to Increase Academic Success Michael D. Calabrese COLL 100 American Military University Professor Jennifer Gordonâ€Æ' Using Technology to Increase Academic Success This essay will talk about how in today’s modern world we can use technology to increase the academic success of a student. Along with that, we will cover the different types of devices used today, the World Wide Web and its search engines, how technology is used in school and what are its downfalls, and how technology benefitsRead MoreOnline Education Will Help Benefit Student s Intellectual Skills1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the world of technologies will advance so much that we can learn course through this area. Online education will change the effect of time itself. This will lead to start of benefit of how the world will transfer in another one hundred years. â€Å"On that point are increasing opportunities for scholars to earn high school credits online over the Internet without attending a regular school. Generally speaking, do you approve or disapprove of this practice?(Sandra. M) II. Online education will help

Ethical and Legal Issues Free Essays

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Over the last several decades, professional nursing has evolved and changed because of the influence of ethical and legal issues. There may be a variety of reasons for the changes. Examples in changes are advances in medical technology, legal changes about abortion and euthanasia, a push toward patient rights and litigation, and ever decreasing resources in which to provide nursing care. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and Legal Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now With all these influences affecting care, it has become increasingly difficult to have a true understanding of the direction nursing should take when faced with moral, ethical, and legal issues. Examination of personal moral and ethics along with utilization of available resources will no doubt aid nurses in sorting out feelings, strategizing for the patient and families, and providing guidance to give the best care possible. One resource available is the American Nurses Association, they have developed a code of ethics that should act as a guide in directing care and solving the ethical and legal dilemmas that surface. When applying the code of ethics resource; nurses can assist their patients families in making informed decisions as well as understand their own and their colleague’s responsibilities. By examining two case scenarios, the first involving end of life decisions, the second involving nursing conduct, the application of the code of ethics, the legal aspects, and the nurses responsibilities would be better understood. It is prudent to begin by examining the legal responsibilities of the nurse in the work setting. A Registered Nurse carries a legal responsibility in the work setting. A nurse has a commitment to the safety of the patient and must be aware of inappropriate practice. All nurses have ethical duties to the patients they serve. According to the American Nurses Association; a nurse â€Å"promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient† (ANA, 2001, p. 18). If an action is taken that poses harmful effect on a patient’s health this needs to be immediately reported to a higher authority within the workplace or if necessary to a suitable outside authority. A nurse must be accountable for his or her individual nursing practice. The nurse’s duty is to identify anyone with questionable practice. All workplaces have guidelines set in place for these types of events. A nurse should concern herself about repercussions when reporting unethical practice. A nurse should be familiar and compliant with his or her state’s nurse practice act and his or her workplace policies applicable practice standards of care for each clinical area. In the malpractice exercise the nurse was observed on several occasions violating standards of care. The occurrences were reported immediately through the chain of command which in this case was administration. After anecdotal notes were kept by the nurse, she should prepare written documentation, including the time and location of the incident and names of any witnesses. Time should be taken to think about the incident and write down all important points that come to mind, who and, when, she notified in administration and what was told to them. This way everything would be in order and accessible if you need to recall when answering questions. Be honest and truthful if there is something you cannot remember you, state that you do not recall. There should be no disregard during this process, it is the ethical and legal duty of a nurse, as the patient advocate, to stand up, and protect the patient. Every nurse is equally responsible for his or her own actions. Responsibility also carries over to patients not under her direct care, the obligation for all patients. The incident was reported in the correct manner and she kept personal anecdotal records and upheld her ethical duties. Personal and societal views play a major role in the way a nurse views a current ethical situation. As nurses and as human beings, we each will have our own way of evaluating and assessing different circumstances that we are part of daily. No matter what kind of nursing or nursing experience that you may have, you cannot run from these trying predicaments. â€Å"Our ethical framework assists us when we experience serious ethical dilemmas† (Cameron Salas, 2010, p. 655). In the case regarding Marianne, there are countless ways in which personal and societal values could have played a part. They could affect how the family would be viewed by society if they did not try everything to save their loved one, or how would it look if they went through with the surgery and it looked as if Marianne was experiencing torture. Ethical dilemmas are never straightforward and never with a right or wrong answer. It is our job as nurses to put aside our feelings and beliefs and to educate the family on all of the potential outcomes that may be expected. We must remember as health care providers, to be non-judgmental. When reviewing the case of Marianne, the significant legal aspect to consider is the lack of a Healthcare Power of Attorney and Living Will. Not possessing Marianne’s documented wishes creates a legal ethical dilemma and creates family conflict. The responsibility of deciding the future of Marianne’s care will fall on the family with guidance from the hospital’s Ethics Committee. The ANA Code of Ethics provides nurses with guidance in legal and ethical responsibilities. The code describes the obligation of treating patients and families with autonomy. Lachman describes the role of autonomy in nursing care: â€Å"patients have a moral and legal right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate, complete, and understandable information in a manner that facilitates an informed judgment; to be assisted with weighing the benefits, burdens, and available options in their treatment, including the choice of no treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without deceit, undue influence, duress, coercion, or penalty; and to be given necessary support throughout the decision-making and treatment process â€Å"(Lachman, 2009, p. 55). Providing autonomous nursing care to Marianne and her family will ensure all the options are presented. The family members place trust in the nurse to provide good care and be supportive, regardless of the decision they make for Marianne’s future. The trust placed on nurses includes responsibility to the patient and the institution ensuring policies are adhered to thus avoiding the possibilities of negligence. With trust, nurses have an obligation to society. Legally we are â€Å"responsible to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence and to continue personal and professional growth† (ANA, 2001, p. 8). No matter the situation of the patient in regard to age, race, religion, economic status, etc. We are to treat each patient and family member with the same amount of respect. Both case studies The Nurse as the Witness and The Six Caps are unique in different ways. Nurses often have the tendency to develop close relationships with patients. Reminders may be ne eded often that the purpose of nursing is not friendship but to alleviate suffering, protect the patient, promote wellness, and to help restore the health. In Marianne’s case the legal responsibility of the nurse is to communicate all possibilities of Marianne’s care. The nurse in this situation has an obligation to provide all the information possible to help the family come to a decision in regard to Marianne’s life. Nurses are to be truthful and never withhold any information. No matter what a family or patient decides, the nurse is to advocate for that decision. Family decisions are not the function of nurse, no matter what the nature. There may be instances when a nurse will be a witness or perhaps a defendant. Medical professionals see many and unique situations some will have to be reported and investigated. Documentation is a huge legal aspect of nursing. It will be always important to document exactly what you do and see. Opinions and assumptions are not good practice for documentation purposes as this would not hold up in court and may sway decisions. The malpractice case regarding the nurse as the witness is a fine example of the need to be proficient in documentation. Months and years later, what is in writing is what will count. As nurses we know, if it was not documented, it did not happen! For this particular case study, the nurse was obligated to report exactly what she wrote about the nurse in question. That nurse has an obligation to report any suspicions of abuse and neglect to administration even repeatedly if necessary. In any situation, the nurse has an obligation to act in the best interest of the patient. It may have consequences but, the overall nurse’s responsibility is to keep the patient safe. Summing up, it is clear that nursing practice can be influenced by personal ethics and morals. The American Nurses Association’s code of ethics provides a guide for practice. When applied to a practical case, such as Marianne and her family, the code of ethics allows the nurse caring for here to remain professional and objective without letting her own feelings influence the family. The nurse has a responsibility to Marianne, her family and the employing institution. Overall, these guidelines extend throughout practice and are set in place to protect society. It becomes a mutual trust and is why nursing is held to such a high standard. References American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC: ANA. Blais, K. K. , Hayes, J. S. , Kozier, B. , Erb, G. (2006). Professional nursing practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Cameron, B. L. , Salas, A. S. (2010). Ethical openings in practical home care practice. Nursing Ethics, 17(5), 655-665. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Practical use of the nursing code of ethics: part I. Medsurg nursing: official journal of the academy of medical-surgical nurses, 18(1), 55-57. Retrieved  from  http://EBSCOhost How to cite Ethical and Legal Issues, Papers

Postmodernism Essays (2635 words) - Anthropology, Postmodernism

Postmodernism With the end of colonialism and the emergence of a seemingly new world order, there raised a demand that research be useful and relevant, indicating that knowledge for its own sake was insufficient. As a result of this, what emerged was a new focus on 'development' and 'modernization' in the form of postmodernism. In these changing times, anthropology has come into contact with a variety of evolving concepts, including hybridity, montage, fluidity, and deconstruction. The question remains, how these concepts reflect the social, cultural and political changes that are occurring in study of anthropology today. Postmodernism is an intellectual movement that promotes itself as the 'antithesis' of modernism, resulting from the intensification, radicalization, or transformation of the processes of modernity. (Barfield, 368) The term was introduced in the late 1940's, however, the turn towards, if not the origin of postmodernism in anthropology, can be traced to a single publication: Writing Culture (1986). It consisted of contributions from nine scholars, edited by Clifford and Marcus, and attempted to sketch out the basic premise of the postmodern perspective. (Harris, 153) Anthropologist are forced to contend with the changes created by postmodernism in a variety of ways, beginning with the challenge to anthropological authority. It is felt by many that it is incredibly arrogant for anthropologists to assume that they have both the capacity and mandate to dissect, interpret and describe the lives of people in other cultures, given the power and wealth imbalance of the colonial past, leaving the 'other' unable to speak for him/herself. This argument finds itself in the whole 'West vs. Rest' spectrum, claiming that because of the nature in which traditional ethnologist where carried out, ex. Colonial, anglo- whites, ect.., that today, despite the multicultural and ethnically aware world that we live in, that anthropologists are not capable of unbiasedly and accurately producing ethnographic work. In part, there concern is founded. To my knowledge, there rests no undocumented peoples on the planet, as such, ethnologies today focus on sub-group structure and societal dynamics. Depending on the position that ones takes the results can be very different. An example of this is the anthropological work that is done on Arab women. Arab women in the west are often perceived as voiceless victims of violence and inequality. Though some do not enjoy the same level of 'social polices' that women in the West do, and in some cases women remain voiceless victims of violence as do some in the West, they maintain a strong family network which in many cases for over sees concerns about old age pensions and food stamp programs. There has also been the increase in dialogical and polyvocal approaches, insisting that ethnologies become a joint venture, with the anthropologist relinquishing their voice to provide equal room for the voices of the 'other'. Ethnologies therefor, when done correctly, should act as a hybrid, joining the words of the ethnologist with the voices and experiences of the informants and observers. Despite the increasing acceptance of ethnologies as pieces of research, another feature, is the emergence of the ethnography as a piece of fiction. (Barrett, 152) One of the more significant developments of postmodernism has been the focus on ethnography as a product of writing, which should be looked at as fictional, not in the sense of make believe or fairytale, but in the sense created or fabricated. Thus, a result of being written from the perspective of the ethnologist, perception takes away from reality and fact, leaving interpretation and in some case, fictitious misrepresentations. Next, postmodernism shifts the anthropological focus on interpretation and meaning rather than causality and behavior. Culture is seen as a system of ideas and symbols, with a complex of meanings, and deally, it is the job of the anthropologist to join forces with the 'other' and interpret it. This is where deconstruction and hermeneutics come into play, as discussed by Derrida By helping in the break down structures to illuminate hidden dimensions, this enables the investigator to comprehend the manner in which natives decode and understand their own texts. More specifically, deconstruction involves breaking down 'essences' such as the family, female, and male into their individual components in order to illuminate the embedded dimensions of ideology

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs

Toltec Empire - Semi-Mythical Legend of the Aztecs The Toltecs and the Toltec Empire is a semi-mythical legend reported by the Aztecs that appears to have had some reality in prehispanic Mesoamerica. But the evidence for its existence as a cultural entity is conflicting and contradictory. The empire, if thats what it was (and it probably was not), has been at the heart of a longstanding debate in archaeology: where is the ancient city of Tollan, a city described by the Aztecs in oral and pictorial histories as the center of all art and wisdom? And who were the Toltecs, the legendary rulers of this glorious city? The Aztec Myth Aztec oral histories and their surviving codexes describe the Toltecs as wise, civilized, wealthy urban people  who lived in Tollan, a city filled with buildings made of jade and gold. The Toltecs, said the historians, invented all the arts and sciences of Mesoamerica, including the Mesoamerican calendar; they were led by their wise king Quetzalcoatl. For the Aztecs, the Toltec leader was the ideal ruler, a noble warrior who was learned in the history and priestly duties of Tollan, and had the qualities of military and commercial leadership. The Toltec rulers led a warrior society that included a storm god (Aztec  Tlaloc or Maya  Chaac), with Quetzalcoatl at the heart of the origin myth. The Aztec leaders claimed they were descendants of the Toltec leaders, establishing a semi-divine right to rule. The Myth of Quetzalcoatl The Aztec accounts of the Toltec myth say that Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl [reported by the Aztecs in the 15th century to have been born in the year 1 Reed, 843 AD and died 52 years later in the year 1 Reed, 895], was a wise, old humble king who taught his people to write and measure time, to work gold, jade and feathers, to grow cotton, dye it and weave it into fabulous mantles, and to raise maize and cacao. He built four houses for fasting and prayer and a temple with beautiful columns carved with serpent reliefs. But his piety excited anger among the sorcerers of Tollan, who were intent on destroying his people. The sorcerers tricked Quetzalcoatl into drunken behavior that shamed him so he fled east, reaching the edge of the sea. There, dressed in divine feathers and a turquoise mask, he burned himself up and rose into the sky, becoming the morning star. Aztec accounts dont all agree: at least one says that Quetzalcoatl destroyed Tollan as he left, burying all the marvelous things and burning everything else. He changed the cacao trees to mesquite and sent the birds to Anahuac, another legendary land at the edge of the water. The story as recounted by Bernardino Sahagunwho certainly had his own agendasays that Quetzalcoatl fashioned a raft of serpents and sailed across the sea. Sahagun was a Spanish Franciscan friar, and he and other chroniclers are today believed to have created the myth associating Quetzalcoatl with the conquistador  Cortesbut thats another story. Toltecs and Desirà ©e Charnay The site of Tula in Hidalgo state was first equated with Tollan in the archaeological sense in the late 19th centurythe Aztecs were ambivalent about which set of ruins was Tollan, although Tula was certainly one. French expeditionary photographer Desirà ©e Charnay raised money to follow the legendary journey of Quetzalcoatl from Tula eastward to the Yucatan peninsula. When he arrived at the Maya capital of Chichà ©n Itz, he noticed serpent columns and a ball court ring that reminded him of those he had seen at Tula, 1300 kilometers (800 miles) northwest of Chichen. Charnay had read the 16th century Aztec accounts and noted that the Toltec were thought by the Aztecs to have created civilization, and he interpreted the architectural and stylistic similarities to mean that the capital city of the Toltecs  was Tula, with Chichen Itza its remote and conquered colony; and by the 1940s, a majority of archaeologists did too. But since that time, archaeological and historical evidence has shown that to be problematic. Problems, and a Trait List There are lots of problems trying to associate Tula or any other specific set of ruins as Tollan. Tula was fairly large but it didnt have much control over its close neighbors, let alone long distances. Teotihuacan, which definitely was large enough to be reckoned an empire, was long gone by the 9th century. There are lots of places throughout Mesoamerica with linguistic references to Tula or Tollan or Tullin or Tulan: Tollan Chollolan is the full name for Cholula, for example, which has some Toltec aspects. The word seems to mean something like place of reeds. And even though the characteristic traits identified as Toltec appear at many sites along the Gulf Coast and elsewhere, there isnt much evidence for military conquest; the adoption of Toltec traits appears to have been selective, rather than imposed. Traits identified as Toltec include temples with colonnaded galleries; tablud-tablero architecture; chacmools and ball courts; relief sculptures with various versions of the mythical Quetzalcoatl jaguar-serpent-bird icon; and relief images of predatory animals and raptorial birds holding human hearts. There are also atlantean pillars with images of men in the Toltec military outfit (also seen in chacmools): wearing pillbox helmets and butterfly-shaped pectorals and carrying atlatls. There is also a form of government that is part of the Toltec package, a council-based government rather than a centralized kingship, but where that arose is anybodys guess. Some of the Toltec traits can be traced to the Early Classic period, of 4th century AD or even earlier. Current Thinking It seems clear that although there is no real consensus among the archaeological community about the existence of a single Tollan or a specific Toltec Empire that can be identified, there was some sort of inter-regional flow of ideas throughout Mesoamerica that archaeologists have named Toltec. Its possible, perhaps likely, that much of that flow of ideas came about as a byproduct of the establishment of inter-regional trade networks, trade networks including such materials as obsidian and salt which were established by the 4th century AD (and probably much earlier) but really kicked into gear after the fall of Teotihuacan in 750 AD. So, the word Toltec should be removed from the word empire, certainly: and perhaps the best way to look at the concept is as a Toltec ideal, an art style, philosophy and form of government that acted as the exemplary center of all that was perfect and longed for by the Aztecs, an ideal echoed at other sites and cultures throughout Mesoamerica. Sources This article is part of the About.com guide to Aztecs, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. The collected articles in Kowaleski and Kristan-Graham (2011), based on a Dumbarton Oaks symposium, are highly recommended for getting a grasp on the Toltecs. Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press. Coggins C. 2002. Toltec. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 42(Autumn, 2002):34-85. Gillespie S. 2011. Toltics, Tula, and Chichà ©n Itz: The Development of an Archaeological Myth. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 85-127. Kepecs SM. 2011. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic/Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World System. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 130-151. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C. 2007. Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and Tollan: Chaning Perspectives on a Recurring Problem in Mesoamerican Archaeology and Art History. In: Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. p 13-83. Kowalski JK, and Kristan-Graham C, editors. 2011. Twin Tollans: Chichà ©n Itz, Tula and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks. Ringle WM, Gallareta Negron T, and Bey GJ. 1998. The return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period. Ancient Mesoamerica 9:183-232. Smith ME. 2016. Toltec Empire. In: MacKenzie JM, editor. The Encyclopedia of Empire. London: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Smith ME. 2011. The Aztecs, 3rd edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Smith ME. 2003. Comments on the historicity of Topoilzin Quetzalcoatl, Tollan, and the Toltecs. Nahua Newsletter.

5 things to consider before becoming a freelancer

5 things to consider before becoming a freelancer No set hours, no dress code and no boss. The life of a freelancer sounds like the dream situation for many average workers, especially those who have skills in writing, design or coding. With these skills, the reality of becoming a remote worker is not a far off dream as it is for others. But, it is important to take a step back and consider what it actually means to be a freelancer before taking the leap. Quitting your job and realising it’s not actually for you can be a stark reality to face.1) It’s a Solo Career PathThere’s no office water cooler in your home office, nor is there an opportunity to turn to your co-worker and have a chat about the weather. For some, this can be a very lonely path. It is good for those who have an erratic schedule, kids who need varying amounts of attention or someone who thrives on work hours that are outside of the 9 to 5.However, for some people, the isolation that comes with freelancing can cause anxiety or even depression. F reelancers who begin to feel this way should get out of the house as often as possible – even if it’s simply scheduling coffee with a friend or taking part in a sports activity twice a week. A break from the norm and social interaction is needed to keep the average freelancer sane.Networking can also be a great way to ensure that you get socialisation as a freelancer. Whether online or off, not only can you meet new people but you could also get more work from the endeavour!2) Money TalksFreelancing does not come with a set salary. One month you may be swimming in work and watching your bank account grow healthily, whereas the next you may be struggling to remember the meaning of the word client. It’s an insecure way to make a living – any prospective freelancer needs to be aware and prepared for this.Also, leaving the world of full-time work can remove important factors such as health insurance, retirement funds and other company benefits. Paying out for this alongside rent, savings, bills and the simple cost of living can see your freelancing money not stretch as far as you would have hoped.If you generally struggle to save money or keep track of your finances – even with a regular income – then freelancing may not be for you. Doing your own finances, taxes and sorting out the right freelancers insurance can be next to impossible if you don’t have a firm grasp on your budget.3) Legal FactorsAs a freelancer, you are considered a sole trader. But, this can open you up to a world of legal problems that are typically covered by an employer in the permanent career path. Setting yourself up as a limited company can be one way in which you mitigate this legal risk to yourself.Creating your own limited company can help to separate you and your work. Protecting your personal funds in the case of your company financially struggling or folding, or in the case that a client sues. Having a company in place helps to prevent the client from going after you or your personal money.Having legal contracts in place is also integral to protecting yourself from any repercussions. A written agreement can help protect your income also, as having written proof of your agreement with a client can help you to claim back money owed in the case of no payment. Terms and conditions alongside a privacy policy are also important to have on your website if you are selling a product, as it protects both you and any visitor to your site.4) Firm Handed ApproachSometimes clients don’t want to pay you. Sometimes clients want things on an impossible time scale. Sometimes it can feel like you’re just being set up to fail. For these situations, having a firm hand is vital to help keep your head above water. Learning to say ‘no’ is almost as important as the skill that allows you to freelance in the first place.If you find that you’re more of a ‘yes person’ then freelancing may not b e a career path that you can thrive in.5) Organisation is KingDeadlines. Client logins. Invoices. Taxes. Emails. Lots and lots of emails.Keeping on top of everything can feel like a monumental task at the best of times, but even more so when you are a freelancer responsible for the running of a small business. Ultimately, that’s what you are. A small business with all of the paperwork and administration that comes with it – all of which you have to do by yourself.If keeping things in order is a struggle of yours, then keeping track of your freelancing career may be a struggle in the beginning. However, learning to become organised is not impossible!Purchase a file for your tax returns and insurance documents. Invest in an accounting software that works for you and can help you to invoice your clients with ease. Create folders in your email account that will help you deal with issues in order of priority. Use a calendar that can help you keep on top of all your deadline s, those are important after all!There a lot of things that need to be organised as a freelancer, if it seems like too much now then imagine what it will be like during the everyday struggle of freelancing. Set firm organisation in place from day one to enjoy true success as a freelancer.So there you have it, the top considerations that you need to make before you take the leap into freelance writing for good. Ensure that you consider everything carefully before you leave the city centre office in exchange for your home office.About the authorZack Halliwell is a lover of long walks with his dog during the day and a freelance writer by night. Kind of like Batman (coincidentally the name of his dog). Find him @ZackHalliwell on  Twitter.

Inventing solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inventing solutions - Essay Example As such, most inventions are for commercial purposes since the invented product is equally costly. This paper will address the invention of the Air blade Tap by James Dyson for commercial purposes. Indeed, the Air blade Tap is of great significance to the engineering and construction industry. James Dyson with the help of the British engineering group, Dyson engineers, invented the Air blade Tap with a built-in dryer in 2006. The invention manifests top class technology in engineering. Indeed, the inventor James Dyson states that Dyson engineers used laser-cutting techniques to manipulate marine grade steel in creating this intuitive and high performance tap that can wash and dry hands (â€Å"Dyson† n.p.). Actually, the significance of the Air blade Tap has drawn widespread recognition in the world where it has won prestigious awards like the Best workplace product innovation and Best Overall Product at Interbuild in 2007. According to the Dyson engineering group, the Air blad e tap combines a high-speed hand dryer with hot and cold-water outlets to offer services to the users. Indeed, technology is the basis for the company's Air blade dryer that is now available in most countries. Actually, in the operation of the Air blade dryer, cold air replaces hot air in blowing off water. Notably, this is a deviation from the norm in operating conventional dryers where hot air blows off water. In addition, the Air blade dryer uses 430mph blast from wings of either side of the tap to dry hands in 12 seconds (Warman n.p.). This is an improvement in technology since other conventional dryers are much slower. Indeed, the Air blade Tap significantly reduces drying time by a quarter. As such, the Air blade dryer stands out as the fastest hand dryer. Moreover, the device has guaranteed durability as it has lifetime antimicrobial coating. Indeed, the device is bound to last. To ensure this, there have been various tests on its durability and resilience to physical and che mical abuse. In addition, engineering-grade steel applies in boosting the durability of the Air blade dyer. As such, the Air blade tap has a guarantee of five years. The device is equally easy to operate as it has a touch-free operation and uses a HEPA filter (â€Å"Dyson† n.p.). More so, the device has a picture of hands on the dryer â€Å"wings† thus making it easy to recognize and use. This makes the device reliable, durable, effective, and faster. Worth noting is the fact that the significance of the Air blade dryer emanates from its technological components. Indeed, the Air blade dryer consists of a stainless steel head unit that facilitates the inflow of water and out flow of unheated air at 430mph (â€Å"BBC News† n.p.). The device also contains an air filter and sound-silencing equipment. In addition, it has a pipe that carriers the water, electrics and air to the tap. Moreover, it has a digital motor of 1600w that allows it to reach 90,000rpm in 0.7 sec onds (â€Å"Dyson† n.p.). This is arguably the smallest motor in the world. Notably, all these components lie underneath the sink and hence do not interfere with the usage of the device. Additionally, the digital motor consists of springs and silencers that aid in minimizing vibration and noise while the device is in operation. Indeed, the motor stands on springs thus

Socrates and his trial Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates and his trial - Research Paper Example In addition, more knowledge about the teachings and life of Socrates are available through the memoirs of Xenophon (Aristophanes, Irvine and Plato 14). Historical records describe Socrates as an individual who neglected his personal affairs in order to spend much of his time discussing a number of concepts, which include piety, justice as well as virtue. He taught his fellow citizens at all places whenever they congregated around him to hear his teachings. These citizens usually gathered around him in order to seek wisdom about how to conduct them justly and right. They wanted this kind of knowledge in order to shape and guide the moral as well as the intellectual improvement of their community, Athens. Socrates used a powerful method in dialogue known as the Socratic Dialogue or Dialect in order to draw forth knowledge and understanding from his students. He did this through his pursuit of a series of questions posed at the students as well as examining the implications of the answe rs that they gave for the questions (Aristophanes, Reeve and Xenophon 45). Socrates valued morality so much that he equated virtue with the knowledge of the true self of an individual. He argued that nobody in his or her clear and pure mind committed a wrong act knowingly or intentionally. In addition, Socrates looked down upon the soul. He claimed that the soul was the seat of both moral character as well as waking consciousness. He also argued that the universe was purposively mind-ordered. As such, he gravely criticized the religious as well as the political institutions of the Athenians and the Sophists. These criticisms made him so many enemies that Aristophanes burlesqued his position in the society. As such, the authorities feeling offended by the criticisms from Socrates decided to fix him by putting him through trails and charging him for corrupting the people (Danzig 23). These enemies made true their threats and held Socrates accountable for the teachings he gave his foll owers about justice, virtue and morality within the society. In 399 B.C, Socrates faced trial with charges of corrupting the morals o the youth within Athenian, as well as facing accusations for religious heresies. Most people believe in the modern times that the arrest of Socrates stemmed primarily from the influence that he held over Critias as well as Alcibiades, who in an earlier perspective betrayed Athens in one way or another. He faced conviction from his charges without many pleas to argue out his innocence. He resisted all the attempts and efforts made to rescue or save his life from impending death. He got a death sentence, whereby he was to drink a cup of poisoned hemlock, and he did this willingly (Johnson). All these accounts of the life and trial of Socrates are only available through the stories made by Plato in the Phaedo, Crito and Apology. Consequently, the death of Socrates through drinking of poisonous hemlock marks one of the most famous usages of the poison in early history. Socrates, whom most philosophers, as well as, the Greek descendants consider him as the father of Greek philosophy, faced trial for impiety and corruption of the youths of Athens with his teachings and criticisms. He became a controversial figure in the city of Athens and as such created many enemies through the hatred that he aroused in many of the people he criticized their way of life or traditions, such as the religious factions and the political dispensations. He therefore created many

Demolition of steel manufacturing plant

Demolition of steel manufacturing plant Introduction This report is to outline the demolition of an existing steel manufacturing plant between Sheffield and Rotherham, all buildings on the brownfield site will be demolished. The client is a major internet mail order retailer who requires a handling and distribution warehouse on the site. The report will show potential hazards that may be found on the site and precautionary measures are needed. This will involve removing the existing buildings found on the site and that adequate provisions are made to assure the local authority that any potential hazardous are removed safely and correctly from the site. The report will also contain a specification of a suitable foundation answer for the new building, and a suitable frame solution. There will be a solution for the cladding system, a method of construction for the concrete floor slab for the new building. The building will have a gross area of 13,000m2 which will incorporate high bay racking which will be used for storage of the retail products. Within the design a 600m2 office accommodation is required on site for the staff to operate the facility. The new building will be a close as possible to the boundary to allow space for vehicular access to and from the site. Demolition Under section 80 of the 1980 Building Act anyone intending to carry out demolition is required to notify the council. This outline Method Statement and all detailed Method Statements produced will be in accordance with BS 6187. Site personnel Contracts manager Safety advisor Full Time Site Manager Demolition Site Supervisor Co-ordinator Demolition operatives Plant operators Working Hours The standard working hours for a construction company are 07.30 17.30 Monday Friday. Weekend working is only arranged as necessary and by agreement with both the client and Local Authority. It is understood that restrictions on site working hours are as detailed below, and therefore conclude that the standard hours of work fall within the prescribed timings; Weekdays 7.00 19.00 Saturdays 9.00 12.00 Sundays and Bank Holidays No Work Ground Site Survey Level and water depth were inspected in this survey, as this will cause difficulties in the design of the foundation and retaining structure if there is a water table. However, from the survey it can be assumed that ground water table is not present. A Type 3 Full Access Sampling Identification Survey (Demolition/Refurbishment Surveys), should be carried out to locate and describe, as far as it is practicable, all asbestos containing materials (ACMs) in the building and may involve some destructive inspection, to gain access to all areas in the building, some may be difficult to reach or are hidden from sight. A full sampling program is undertaken to identify possibly ACMs and estimates of the volume and surface area of ACMs. Services Services are known to exist in the bordering footpaths/roads and enter the site. All services to the buildings to be demolished are to be disconnected at or beyond the site boundary prior to works commencing. The local gas and electricity suppliers will be informed for the proposed working period with the client and all statutory undertakers are to ensure that all services are identified and isolated or their positions marked as required. It is recommended that a CAT scan should be carried out before commencing of the works to locate the possibility of rouge services within the site area. If there are any services within the site which are to remain live, they will need to be assessed and protected as necessary. Carefully controlled hand excavated trial pits will be carried out as necessary to prove and verify exact location and nature of recorded services. Soft Strip A soft internal strip of the building must firstly undertaken before the main demolition the buildings are removed. All areas will be inspected prior to the works commencing. Soft strip of all flammable materials will be undertaken. The soft strip will normally undertake with hand tools. During the soft strip all operatives will be advised to be vigilant for hazardous substances or materials. Any hazardous substances or materials found shall be brought to the attention of the site supervisor who will asses these and arrange for the appropriate action to be undertaken. All necessary PPE will be provided and worn during the soft strip. Access to the roof should be limited to lowest possible practical necessity. Mechanical and demolition will be carried out where it is safe to do, as it is always the preferred method. Soft strip material arising will be disposed of via suitable skips with record maintained regarding identification and disposal. Any materials that can be re-cycled or re-used will separate from the general waste. TheManual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) set no specific requirements such as weight limits (ref). Although it sets out no limit common sense should prevail that when lifting heavier items it should be done in teams. Movements on and off site are to be fully supervised by the ground operative at all times. Damping down measures in the form of a hand held water spray system may be adopted should the need arise. All runoff water from the suppression operations is to be channelled to the nearest low point of the building footprint. The basements are to act as soakaways for the runoff water. The constant monitoring of dust will be carried out and all necessary suppression will be implemented as determined by the site supervisor. All materials are to be removed to licensed disposal points via sheeted transport with full documentation being supplied upon completion of the works. Hard Demolition There are two main methods of demolition which are available for this type of demolition works to be carried out, they are piecemeal and deliberate explosive collapse. Piecemeal demolition involves the process of using cranes and other equipment to dismantle the building, it is a more controlled method of demolition which allows for any materials which can salvaged and re used within the project. However, it may take longer to complete the necessary works which could in turn delay the project. Demolition of buildings or structure by hand-held tools such as electric or pneumatic breakers, sometimes as a preliminary to using other methods, should be carried out, where practicable, in the reverse order to the original construction sequence. Lifting appliances may be necessary to hold larger structural members during cutting and for lowering severed structural members and other debris. Chutes may be used to discharge debris into a vehicle or hopper. Foundations would normally be grubbed up by excavation machines. When any part of a building is being demolished by a balling machine, pusher arm or similar equipment, only the machine operator and banksman should be allowed close to the working area. The cabs of all machines should be strong enough to protect the operator against the fall of debris. In particular, the windscreen and rooflight should be of shatterproof material and guarded by a grille of steel bars or a substantial mesh. The deliberate collapse of the whole or part of a building or structure requires particularly high standards of planning, supervisions and execution, and careful consideration of its effect on other parts of the structure or on adjacent buildings or structures. A surrounding clear area and exclusion zone are required to protect both personnel and property from the fall of the structure itself and debris which may be thrown up by the impact. The collapse is usually achieved either by removing key structural elements (e.g. with explosive charges) or by wire rope pulling at a high level to overturn the structure. The possible modes of failure must be studied to ensure that the method selected will produce the required pattern of collapse. If the operation is not successful, the remaining structure may be extremely dangerous for the completion of the demolition. It is therefore, recommended that the most appropriate way of dismantling the building will be through the piecemeal method of demolition. This will be the most cost effective way of dismantling the buildings. It also ensures that all of the materials that are removed can go through the re-use and re-cycle waste management system. Once the activities involved in the demolition take place, the tools and equipment required to carry out the work can be defined, these will include cranes of various types, transport equipment, bolting equipment, welding equipment including cables, guns and drying ovens, electric generators, hydraulic jacks, measuring equipment and miscellaneous equipments. The heaviest or highest element to be dismantled, or the part which requires the greatest lifting capacity (radius-weight) determines the minimum crane capacity to be used. The first stage of the hard demolition stage is to removal of the roof system. The roof system consists of steel corrugated sheeting and in order to remove the material scaffolding will need to be erected, any work carried out manually on the roof will have to have fall arrest systems in place. The next stage will be the removal of the existing cladding system on the walls of the building. This will again removed manually and may also involve the use crane machinery to safely remove the material away from the building. Subsequently the steel frame will be dismantled with the steel frame roof trusses needing to be removed first. This will involve the use carnage machinery which will be operated by a qualified Slinger with a valid CSCS card, at all times when the crane is being operated it must supervised by the site supervisor. After the trusses have been removed the steel stanchions can be removed, they must first be securely attached the crane and then the bolts can be removed manually from the foundations. All the steel removed will be salvaged and under the waste plan it will sold to a scrap yard. Lastly the concrete ground floor will be broken up and removed. The concrete will need to be grubbed first, this concrete will then be used as part of the base course for the new building foundations. This will be achieved by the use of a mobile crusher to convert the concrete into base course. This process will involve large amounts dust produced and a high degree of noise, this will be covered in section 2 of the report which will include all of the safety considerations and PPEs to be worn during the demolition stage. Hazardous materials Identification and removal of asbestos containing materials (ACMs) will be carried out prior to our commencement on site. However, given the age of the structures it is envisaged that some ACMs will remain undetected until the soft strip and main demolition works are progressed. Site Managers, Supervisors and Operatives will be briefed in this regard and a process is to be established between K D C, the client and his asbestos surveyor to minimise the potential hazard of any asbestos discovered during the works and also the potential delay to the contract. Other hazards have been identified in terms of lead paint, oil containing excessive levels of PCBs and also refrigerant from Air Conditioning systems. Samples of paint will be taken as required in order to assess any lead content if needed. In the event this registers positive, respirators with the appropriate filters will be issued. Oils will be sampled at the earliest opportunity and drained and disposed of through a licensed undertaker. Air conditioning units and associated pipe work will be de-gassed by a specialist contractor at the earliest opportunity. Arsenic is one of the likely contaminants which may be found from the ground site survey, if found in this instance then Approved Document Part C Section 2.3 of Building Regulations should be followed. Personal protective equipment All site personnel will be issued with standard personal protective equipment. Each operative will have general protection issued by the Site Supervisor dependent upon the work in hand. Safety wear will comprise of the following: Hard hats, ear and eye defenders, nasal protection against high volume of dust, dermal protection to exposed vulnerable areas and footwear against risk of penetration and impact, high visibility vests/jackets. Site perimeter Warning notices and restricted area notices will be positioned at vantage points. The permanent working area is to be protected and scaffold in accordance with the clients requirements prior to main demolition works commencing. Solid barriers will be in place to all site boundaries through the provision of either timber hoarding, solid heras type fencing or utilisation of existing boundary walls. The inner perimeter of the working area is to receive a further block and mesh hoarding as necessary to demark active demolition zones or protected services. Elevations which front public rights of way will have sentries in attendance when needed. During plant demolition the management of pedestrians and traffic will be implemented by the contractor jointly with the client/County Council/Local Highways Authority. Access and egress to the workface will be via designated routes. These will be agreed and implemented by our site supervisor. The existing road system is to be followed in accordance with the traffic management scheme to be adopted. All plant will be delivered to site by road going low loader, with no plant movements carried out on existing roadway to ensure that the road surface and also existing below ground sewers/drainage is not damaged through displacement. Workforce protection Areas of risk directly beneath the demolition area will be cordoned off and clearly segregated from third parties. Barriers are to be erected complete with warning signs. All temporary barriers and signs etc. will be constantly checked and maintained before and during each working day by the Site Supervisors. All areas of safety will be constantly evaluated with attention to detail being given the utmost concern at all times. Any secondary lighting required within the site will be the responsibility of, and provided by, the contractor in a safe and secure manner. The positioning of any lights will be in liaison with the client. The position of any lighting will be such that there is no risk imported to the adjacent operational properties. Dust noise reduction strategy Noise levels will be monitored during the course of the works. It is accepted that noise cannot be eliminated entirely, but reasonable steps will be taken to reduce any adverse effects of noise generated by the works. Previous works of this nature have been carried out and have had noise assessments produced. A table summary of these results is shown below for reference. The nature of the works and type of structures will allow controlled sectional removal of structural elements using remotely operated plant. The nature and capability of the plant proposed to be used is such that all operations will be carried out with the minimum of noise and emissions generated on the site. All of the contractors Plant and Machinery should have engines compliant with emission regulations EU Stage 3. In addition all exhaust gases are mixed with intake air to reduce particle matter and Nitrogen emissions. The location of all plant and machinery, specifically crushing plant, will be positioned as far as is reasonably practicable from sensitive receptors, specifically members of the public and adjacent residential properties. As a matter of course all plant and machinery will have the engines turned off when idling. Anticipated noise levels Activity Noise produced at Source Noise produced at site boundary Demolition Breaking slabs Crushing 93db(A) 103db(A) 89db(A) 80db(A) 85db(A) 75db(A) Suitable Foundation Solution Before deciding on a suitable foundation solution a frame proposal for the building must be provided. A large span steel portal will be used for the design of the building with a cladding system attached to this frame. It can be determined from this that the best solution for the foundation would be a pad foundation. The columns of steel framework transfer their load to the foundation by means of the base plates. The foundation bolts constitutes the unifying element between foundation and framework. In cases where the columns transfer compressive stress only, the bolts are used to locate the column correctly. The office space provided will require separate foundations, this is since it will be a cavity wall construction. Therefore, a strip foundation solution is required to spread the load from the walls uniformly. The depth of the strip foundation should be at least 0.75m according NHBC 2008 Standards Section 4.4, with the foundation spread having to be at least the width of the wall, when building on rock at 2m depth. When carrying pit excavations for the foundations it is important to ensure there is an earth support barrier. This can achieved with the use steel interlocking sheeting around the pit. Suitable Frame Proposal The most appropriate solution for the frame proposal will be multi-span large frame steel portals, a large span portal frame can span from 15m to 60m. Spacing between the frames can from 6m to 12m with the roof pitch having a low pitch between 15Â ° to 18Â °. Within the design it should incorporate high bay racking. Therefore, it is advised the portal frame should include lattice members made for lateral support, which will be required particularly in the instance of longer span frames. Multi-span portal frames are suitable for wide buildings and are economical in material usage and labour contribution. An example of the multi-span steel portal frame has been provided.

Course purshasing Essay

* Founded by France Dominique Mandonnaud in 1969 as a simple perfume shop. * By 1979 the company was already expanded to â€Å"several stores† * Originally, Sephora was planned to be self-service store that offers a variety of products. * Its founder Mandonnaud rebranded his combined set of stores in order to expand is market. * Mandonnaud extended its branches all over France by acquiring 8% of total French retail perfume market and was purchased by LVMH, luxury product group, for $262 million in 1997. * Sephora expanded its operations and services beyond the perfume industry and expanding its core of products to cosmetics. * Under LNMH’s ownership and opened its first U. S store in New York City in 1998 However, this presented a challenge for the company as they had a difficult time to supply the products from other prestigious brands; such as Estee Lauder and Clinique. * The Company banked on rather unknown brands to fill its shelves therefore, these relationships grew strong and eventually this fact led to the innovation and creativity of these brands to introduce new lines of products. * Sephora confronted many issues on their cosmetic line division, especially with the direct line of supply from other stores. * Bottom line, Sephora offers more than 200 brands that go from the typical classics to new and exotic brands; altogether, Sephora counts with more than 20,000 products. Among those products we could find top of line and sophisticated brands as well as not so well know products. * Sephora formed an strategic alliance with JC Penny. * Sephora. com was projected to generate 15-20% of Sephora USA sales in 2010. * Sephora. com ranked top 50 retail sites in U. S SWOT analysis Strengths * Globally distributed with more than 1000 shops worldwide * Strong parent company; LVMH * More than 20,000 products to offer. * Strong online sales * self-service approach to cosmetics * Strong emphasis on construct loyalty brand by tracking down the customers shopping habits. Weaknesses * Modest operational budget. * Low brand recognition * Lack of TV promotions and print ads. * Higher price than drugstores and supermarkets Opportunities * Enhance their customer loyalty program in order to build a â€Å"relationship† with the product consumers. * Sign contracts with famous celebrities to endorse their products. * Introduction to enter into emerging economies such as Brazil and India. Threats * Economic downturn. * Other companies in the same industry. * Amazon and other online companies that sale cosmetic, with their aggressive approach could certainly become a threat. Identification of Problem * Personnel and financial constraints needed to be addressed. * Imagination and inventiveness was greatly needed. * Budget limitation, presented a real challenge when it comes to budget allocation to different initiatives. * Outcomes assessment of social media campaigns as well as mobile applications constituted a real test to overcome. Sephora Direct Julie Bornstein took Sephora on another journey. She transforms the marketing view to a much modern and up to date campaigns. * New Budget request was introduced in order to launch a major campaign that will include social media, web site enhancement as well as the implementation of â€Å"customer relationship† campaigns. * Campaign success should be assessed thorough out Facebook â€Å"likes† and twitter followers as well as I phone application downloads. Sephora. com and Beauty Insider * Sephora. com was implement on 1999 with very imp clear short and long term goals. * Up to 25% of sales should be generated by Sephora. com by 2010. * By 2007 Sephora developed its Beauty Insider campaign. * Incentives such as 1 point for every dollar, redeem points programs are among those strategies in order to create that â€Å"relationship† with its customers Social Media Although this initiative had a rocky start, eventually become a success, Bornstein visionary initiative and her persistence, this initiate obtained 1 million product reviews posted on their web site. (Ofek, 2012). Facebook * Sephora join Facebook by 2008 in less than a year their account had close to 300,000 fans in Facebook. * Last statistics show the Sephora page with more than 900,000 Twitter * By 2010, Sephora had approx. 100,000 users. * Primarily used for current promos, contests, events, etc. * Customers used it to tweet about newly found products. You Tube * Used by Sephora to upload â€Å"How to Videos† on make-up applications; however this sharing video site could be utilized on a much more aggressive way. Cell phone applications * The rapid pace of technology forced mayor companies such as Sephora to create applications for smart phones like IPhone, Droid, Blackberry, etc. Alternatives Budget Re-distribution As stated previously the fast pace of technology constitute a real challenge not only to Sephora but to every single company. Therefore, I would like to present the following suggestions: * Cellphone applications should really receive a great attention and consequently, more financial Resources. * Pros * Instant reaching out to their customer base * Cons * Increase cost of application development fees. * Facebook, according to younger generations has become â€Å"not cool† and obviously not as attractive for younger women, therefore Sephora should look into other popular social media networks in order target new customers that eventually become loyal customers. Instagram, Pheed, thumb, Medium, etc. should be receiving at least 5% of the developmental budget for emerging social sites. * Pros * Targeting potential new buyers, young men and women that are eager to take on the world. * Cons * This target population might take some time in order to become actual customers. * Beauty Insider should remain at 20% as this constitutes the strongest campaign for Sephora when it comes to help â€Å"Sephora loyal customers†. * Pros * Continuous catering of â€Å"loyal customers† * Cons * Become obsolete if new strategies are not develop. * Retailing – print catalogs, store animations. Should receive 30% percent of their developmental budget as these tools have become obsolete for the most part. (Personal opinion) * Pros * Reduction of cost in traditional advertise. * Cons * Potential loose of mature but loyal customers. Recommendation Finally, my recommendation will be to start a comprehensive Research of outcomes in the different categories of initiates developed under Julie Bornstein leadership. Based on those findings re-restructure the entire budget and re-think some of our means to reach out to new and existing customers. We live in a fast speed life and therefore our customers are as busy as they could help. Therefore Sephora must constantly evaluate and re-design their marketing strategies in order to provide the upmost friendly user options to inform serve and sell our products and services to their consumers. Therefore I would choose the Cellphone application development to receive a greater part of the advertisement developmental budget and at the same time re-balance other line of the budgets in order to adjust the budgets accordingly to the outcomes evaluation done thorough the above suggested research.